| Charles Robberts Swart |
South Africa |
State President |
1961-05-31 |
1967-05-31 |
National Party |
Parliament |
— |
| Jozua François Naudé |
South Africa |
Acting State President |
1967-06-01 |
1968-04-10 |
National Party |
Parliament |
— |
| Jim Fouché |
South Africa |
State President |
1968-04-10 |
1975-04-09 |
National Party |
Parliament |
— |
| Nicolaas Diederichs |
South Africa |
State President |
1975-04-09 |
1978-08-21 |
National Party |
Parliament |
— |
| B. J. Vorster |
South Africa |
State President |
1978-10-10 |
1979-06-04 |
National Party |
Parliament |
— |
| Marais Viljoen |
South Africa |
Acting State President |
1979-06-04 |
1979-09-03 |
National Party |
Parliament |
— |
| Marais Viljoen |
South Africa |
State President |
1979-09-03 |
1984-09-14 |
National Party |
Parliament |
— |
| P. W. Botha |
South Africa |
State President |
1984-09-14 |
1989-09-20 |
National Party |
Parliament |
— |
| F. W. de Klerk |
South Africa |
State President |
1989-09-20 |
1994-05-10 |
National Party |
Parliament |
— |
| Nelson Mandela |
South Africa |
President |
1994-05-10 |
1999-06-16 |
African National Congress |
Parliament |
F. W. de Klerk; Thabo Mbeki |
| Thabo Mbeki |
South Africa |
President |
1999-06-16 |
2008-09-24 |
African National Congress |
Parliament |
Jacob Zuma; Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka |
| Kgalema Motlanthe |
South Africa |
President |
2008-09-25 |
2009-05-09 |
African National Congress |
Parliament |
Baleka Mbete |
| Jacob Zuma |
South Africa |
President |
2009-05-09 |
2018-02-14 |
African National Congress |
Parliament |
Kgalema Motlanthe; Cyril Ramaphosa |
| Cyril Ramaphosa |
South Africa |
President |
2018-02-15 |
Present |
African National Congress |
Parliament |
David Mabuza; Paul Mashatile |
| Gervasio Antonio de Posadas |
Argentina |
Supreme Director |
31/01/1814 |
09/01/1815 |
— |
Assembly of the Year XIII |
— |
| Carlos María de Alvear |
Argentina |
Supreme Director |
09/01/1815 |
15/04/1815 |
— |
Assembly of the Year XIII |
— |
| Ignacio Álvarez Thomas |
Argentina |
Supreme Director |
20/04/1815 |
16/04/1816 |
— |
Congress of Tucumán |
— |
| Juan Martín de Pueyrredón |
Argentina |
Supreme Director |
03/05/1816 |
09/06/1819 |
— |
Congress of Tucumán |
— |
| José Rondeau |
Argentina |
Supreme Director |
1819-06-09 |
1820-02-11 |
— |
National Congress |
— |
| Bernardino Rivadavia |
Argentina |
President |
1826-02-08 |
1827-06-27 |
Unitarian |
National Congress |
— |
| Vicente López y Planes |
Argentina |
Interim President |
1827-07-07 |
1827-08-18 |
— |
National Congress |
— |
| Justo José de Urquiza |
Argentina |
President |
1854-03-05 |
1860-03-05 |
Federalist |
National Congress |
Salvador María del Carril |
| Santiago Derqui |
Argentina |
President |
1860-03-05 |
1861-11-05 |
Federalist |
National Congress |
Juan Esteban Pedernera |
| Bartolomé Mitre |
Argentina |
President |
1862-10-12 |
1868-10-12 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
Marcos Paz |
| Domingo Faustino Sarmiento |
Argentina |
President |
1868-10-12 |
1874-10-12 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
Adolfo Alsina |
| Nicolás Avellaneda |
Argentina |
President |
1874-10-12 |
1880-10-12 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
Mariano Acosta |
| Julio Argentino Roca |
Argentina |
President |
1880-10-12 |
1886-10-12 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
Francisco Madero |
| Miguel Juárez Celman |
Argentina |
President |
1886-10-12 |
1890-08-06 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
Carlos Pellegrini |
| Carlos Pellegrini |
Argentina |
President |
1890-08-06 |
1892-10-12 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
— |
| Luis Sáenz Peña |
Argentina |
President |
1892-10-12 |
1895-01-22 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
José Evaristo Uriburu |
| José Evaristo Uriburu |
Argentina |
President |
1895-01-23 |
1898-10-12 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
— |
| Julio Argentino Roca |
Argentina |
President |
1898-10-12 |
1904-10-12 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
Norberto Quirno Costa |
| Manuel Quintana |
Argentina |
President |
1904-10-12 |
1906-03-12 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
José Figueroa Alcorta |
| José Figueroa Alcorta |
Argentina |
President |
1906-03-12 |
1910-10-12 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
— |
| Roque Sáenz Peña |
Argentina |
President |
1910-10-12 |
1914-08-09 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
Victorino de la Plaza |
| Victorino de la Plaza |
Argentina |
President |
1914-08-09 |
1916-10-12 |
National Autonomist |
National Congress |
— |
| Hipólito Yrigoyen |
Argentina |
President |
1916-10-12 |
1922-10-12 |
Radical Civic Union |
National Congress |
Pelagio Luna |
| Marcelo T. de Alvear |
Argentina |
President |
1922-10-12 |
1928-10-12 |
Radical Civic Union |
National Congress |
Elpidio González |
| Hipólito Yrigoyen |
Argentina |
President |
1928-10-12 |
1930-09-06 |
Radical Civic Union |
National Congress |
Enrique Martínez |
| José Félix Uriburu |
Argentina |
De facto President |
1930-09-06 |
1932-02-20 |
Military |
— |
— |
| Agustín Pedro Justo |
Argentina |
President |
1932-02-20 |
1938-02-20 |
Concordance |
National Congress |
Julio Argentino Roca Jr. |
| Roberto María Ortiz |
Argentina |
President |
1938-02-20 |
1942-06-27 |
Radical Anti-Personalist |
National Congress |
Ramón Castillo |
| Ramón Castillo |
Argentina |
President |
1942-06-27 |
1943-06-04 |
Conservative |
National Congress |
— |
| Pedro Pablo Ramírez |
Argentina |
De facto President |
1943-06-07 |
1944-02-24 |
Military |
— |
— |
| Edelmiro Julián Farrell |
Argentina |
De facto President |
1944-02-24 |
1946-06-04 |
Military |
— |
— |
| Juan Domingo Perón |
Argentina |
President |
1946-06-04 |
1955-09-21 |
Peronist |
National Congress |
Hortensio Quijano |
| Eduardo Lonardi |
Argentina |
De facto President |
1955-09-23 |
1955-11-13 |
Military |
— |
— |
| Pedro Eugenio Aramburu |
Argentina |
De facto President |
1955-11-13 |
1958-05-01 |
Military |
— |
— |
| Arturo Frondizi |
Argentina |
President |
1958-05-01 |
1962-03-29 |
UCRI |
National Congress |
Alejandro Gómez |
| José María Guido |
Argentina |
President |
1962-03-29 |
1963-10-12 |
UCRI |
National Congress |
— |
| Arturo Umberto Illia |
Argentina |
President |
1963-10-12 |
1966-06-28 |
Radical Civic Union |
National Congress |
Carlos Perette |
| Juan Carlos Onganía |
Argentina |
De facto President |
1966-06-29 |
1970-06-08 |
Military |
— |
— |
| Roberto Marcelo Levingston |
Argentina |
De facto President |
1970-06-18 |
23/03/1971 |
Military |
— |
— |
| Alejandro Agustín Lanusse |
Argentina |
De facto President |
26/03/1971 |
25/05/1973 |
Military |
— |
— |
| Héctor José Cámpora |
Argentina |
President |
25/05/1973 |
13/07/1973 |
Peronist |
National Congress |
Vicente Solano Lima |
| Raúl Lastiri |
Argentina |
Interim President |
13/07/1973 |
1973-10-12 |
Peronist |
National Congress |
— |
| Juan Domingo Perón |
Argentina |
President |
1973-10-12 |
1974-07-01 |
Peronist |
National Congress |
Isabel Perón |
| Isabel Perón |
Argentina |
President |
1974-07-01 |
1976-03-24 |
Peronist |
National Congress |
— |
| Military Junta |
Argentina |
De facto government |
1976-03-24 |
1983-12-10 |
Military |
— |
— |
| Raúl Alfonsín |
Argentina |
President |
1983-12-10 |
1989-07-08 |
Radical Civic Union |
National Congress |
Víctor Martínez |
| Carlos Menem |
Argentina |
President |
1989-07-08 |
1999-12-10 |
Justicialist |
National Congress |
Eduardo Duhalde / Carlos Ruckauf |
| Fernando de la Rúa |
Argentina |
President |
1999-12-10 |
2001-12-20 |
Radical Civic Union |
National Congress |
Carlos Álvarez |
| Adolfo Rodríguez Saá |
Argentina |
Interim President |
2001-12-23 |
2001-12-30 |
Justicialist |
Legislative Assembly |
— |
| Eduardo Duhalde |
Argentina |
Interim President |
2002-01-02 |
2003-05-25 |
Justicialist |
Legislative Assembly |
— |
| Néstor Kirchner |
Argentina |
President |
2003-05-25 |
2007-12-10 |
Justicialist |
National Congress |
Daniel Scioli |
| Cristina Fernández de Kirchner |
Argentina |
President |
2007-12-10 |
2015-12-10 |
Justicialist |
National Congress |
Julio Cobos / Amado Boudou |
| Mauricio Macri |
Argentina |
President |
2015-12-10 |
2019-12-10 |
PRO |
National Congress |
Gabriela Michetti |
| Alberto Fernández |
Argentina |
President |
2019-12-10 |
2023-12-10 |
Justicialist |
National Congress |
Cristina Fernández de Kirchner |
| Javier Milei |
Argentina |
President |
2023-12-10 |
Present |
La Libertad Avanza |
National Congress |
Victoria Villarruel |
| Sun Yat-sen |
China |
Provisional President (ROC) |
1912-01-01 |
1912-03-10 |
Kuomintang |
National Assembly |
— |
| Yuan Shikai |
China |
President (ROC) |
1912-03-10 |
1916-06-06 |
Beiyang govt |
National Assembly |
Li Yuanhong |
| Chiang Kai-shek |
China (ROC) |
President |
1948-05-20 |
1975-04-05 |
Kuomintang |
National Assembly |
Li Zongren / Yen Chia-kan |
| Chiang Ching-kuo |
China (ROC) |
President |
1978-05-20 |
1988-01-13 |
Kuomintang |
National Assembly |
Hsieh Tung-min / Lee Teng-hui |
| Lee Teng-hui |
Taiwan (ROC) |
President |
1988-01-13 |
2000-05-20 |
Kuomintang |
National Assembly |
Li Yuanzu |
| Chen Shui-bian |
Taiwan (ROC) |
President |
2000-05-20 |
2008-05-20 |
DPP |
National Assembly |
Annette Lu |
| Ma Ying-jeou |
Taiwan (ROC) |
President |
2008-05-20 |
2016-05-20 |
Kuomintang |
National Assembly |
Vincent Siew / Wu Den-yih |
| Tsai Ing-wen |
Taiwan (ROC) |
President |
2016-05-20 |
2024-05-20 |
DPP |
Legislative Yuan |
Chen Chien-jen / Lai Ching-te |
| Lai Ching-te |
Taiwan (ROC) |
President |
2024-05-20 |
Present |
DPP |
Legislative Yuan |
Hsiao Bi-khim |
| Mao Zedong |
China (PRC) |
Chairman/President |
1949-10-01 |
1959-04-27 |
CCP |
National People’s Congress |
Zhu De |
| Liu Shaoqi |
China (PRC) |
President |
1959-04-27 |
1968-10-31 |
CCP |
National People’s Congress |
Dong Biwu / Soong Ching-ling |
| Li Xiannian |
China (PRC) |
President |
1983-06-18 |
1988-04-08 |
CCP |
National People’s Congress |
Ulanhu |
| Yang Shangkun |
China (PRC) |
President |
1988-04-08 |
1993-03-27 |
CCP |
National People’s Congress |
Wang Zhen |
| Jiang Zemin |
China (PRC) |
President |
1993-03-27 |
2003-03-15 |
CCP |
National People’s Congress |
Rong Yiren / Hu Jintao |
| Hu Jintao |
China (PRC) |
President |
2003-03-15 |
2013-03-14 |
CCP |
National People’s Congress |
Zeng Qinghong / Xi Jinping |
| Xi Jinping |
China (PRC) |
President |
2013-03-14 |
Present |
CCP |
National People’s Congress |
Li Yuanchao / Wang Qishan / Han Zheng |
| Simón Bolívar |
Gran Colombia |
President |
1819-09-21 |
1830-05-04 |
Independent |
Congress of Angostura / Cúcuta |
Francisco de Paula Santander |
| Joaquín Mosquera |
Gran Colombia |
President |
1830-05-04 |
1830-09-04 |
Independent |
Admirable Congress |
Domingo Caycedo |
| Rafael Urdaneta |
Gran Colombia |
Dictator / President |
1830-09-04 |
1831-04-30 |
Independent |
None (Military) |
Vacant |
| Francisco de Paula Santander |
Republic of New Granada |
President |
1832-03-10 |
1837-04-01 |
Independent |
Congress of New Granada |
Ignacio de Márquez |
| José Ignacio de Márquez |
Republic of New Granada |
President |
1837-04-01 |
1841-04-01 |
Ministerial |
Congress of Colombia |
Domingo Caycedo |
| Pedro Alcántara Herrán |
Republic of New Granada |
President |
1841-04-01 |
1845-04-01 |
Ministerial |
Congress of Colombia |
Domingo Caycedo |
| Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera |
Republic of New Granada |
President |
1845-04-01 |
1849-04-01 |
Ministerial |
Congress of Colombia |
Rufino Cuervo |
| José Hilario López |
Republic of New Granada |
President |
1849-04-01 |
1853-04-01 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant / Manuel María Mallarino |
| José María Obando |
Republic of New Granada |
President |
1853-04-01 |
1854-04-17 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
José de Obaldía |
| José María Melo |
Republic of New Granada |
Supreme Chief |
1854-04-17 |
1854-12-04 |
Liberal (Melistas) |
None (Military) |
Vacant |
| Manuel María Mallarino |
Republic of New Granada |
Acting President |
1855-04-01 |
1857-04-01 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Mariano Ospina Rodríguez |
Granadine Confederation |
President |
1857-04-01 |
1861-04-01 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Bartolomé Calvo |
Granadine Confederation |
Acting President |
1861-04-01 |
1861-07-18 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera |
United States of Colombia |
Provisional President |
1861-07-18 |
1864-04-08 |
Liberal |
Rionegro Assembly |
Vacant |
| Manuel Murillo Toro |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1864-04-08 |
1866-04-01 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1866-05-20 |
1867-05-23 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Santos Acosta |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1867-05-23 |
1868-04-01 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Santos Gutiérrez |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1868-04-01 |
1870-04-01 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Eustorgio Salgar |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1870-04-01 |
1872-04-01 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Manuel Murillo Toro |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1872-04-01 |
1874-04-01 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1874-04-01 |
1876-04-01 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Aquileo Parra |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1876-04-01 |
1878-04-01 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Julián Trujillo Largacha |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1878-04-01 |
1880-04-01 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Rafael Núñez |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1880-04-01 |
1882-04-01 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Francisco Javier Zaldúa |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1882-04-01 |
1882-09-17 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| José Eusebio Otálora |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1882-09-18 |
1884-04-01 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Rafael Núñez |
United States of Colombia |
President |
1884-04-01 |
1886-08-07 |
National |
National Constituent Assembly |
Vacant |
| Rafael Núñez |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1886-08-07 |
1894-09-18 |
National |
Congress of Colombia |
Eliseo Payán / Miguel Antonio Caro |
| Miguel Antonio Caro |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1894-09-18 |
1898-08-07 |
National |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Manuel Antonio Sanclemente |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1898-08-07 |
1900-07-31 |
National |
Congress of Colombia |
José Manuel Marroquín |
| José Manuel Marroquín |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1900-07-31 |
1904-08-07 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Rafael Reyes |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1904-08-07 |
1909-06-09 |
Conservative |
National Assembly |
Vacant |
| Ramón González Valencia |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1909-08-07 |
1910-08-07 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Carlos Eugenio Restrepo |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1910-08-07 |
1914-08-07 |
Republican Union |
National Assembly |
Vacant |
| José Vicente Concha |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1914-08-07 |
1918-08-07 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Marco Fidel Suárez |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1918-08-07 |
1921-11-11 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Jorge Holguín |
Republic of Colombia |
Acting President |
1921-11-11 |
1922-08-07 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Pedro Nel Ospina |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1922-08-07 |
1926-08-07 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Miguel Abadía Méndez |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1926-08-07 |
1930-08-07 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Enrique Olaya Herrera |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1930-08-07 |
1934-08-07 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Alfonso López Pumarejo |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1934-08-07 |
1938-08-07 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Eduardo Santos |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1938-08-07 |
1942-08-07 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Alfonso López Pumarejo |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1942-08-07 |
1945-08-07 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant / Alberto Lleras Camargo |
| Alberto Lleras Camargo |
Republic of Colombia |
Acting President |
1945-08-07 |
1946-08-07 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Mariano Ospina Pérez |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1946-08-07 |
1950-08-07 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Laureano Gómez |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1950-08-07 |
1953-06-13 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Gustavo Rojas Pinilla |
Republic of Colombia |
Supreme Chief / President |
1953-06-13 |
1957-05-10 |
Military |
National Constituent Assembly |
Vacant |
| Military Junta |
Republic of Colombia |
Military Junta |
1957-05-10 |
1958-08-07 |
Military |
None (Military) |
Vacant |
| Alberto Lleras Camargo |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1958-08-07 |
1962-08-07 |
Liberal (National Front) |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Guillermo León Valencia |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1962-08-07 |
1966-08-07 |
Conservative (National Front) |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Carlos Lleras Restrepo |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1966-08-07 |
1970-08-07 |
Liberal (National Front) |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Misael Pastrana Borrero |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1970-08-07 |
1974-08-07 |
Conservative (National Front) |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Alfonso López Michelsen |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1974-08-07 |
1978-08-07 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Julio César Turbay Ayala |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1978-08-07 |
1982-08-07 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Belisario Betancur |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1982-08-07 |
1986-08-07 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| Virgilio Barco Vargas |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1986-08-07 |
1990-08-07 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Vacant |
| César Gaviria |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1990-08-07 |
1994-08-07 |
Liberal |
Constituent Assembly / Congress |
Vacant |
| Ernesto Samper |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1994-08-07 |
1998-08-07 |
Liberal |
Congress of Colombia |
Humberto de la Calle / Carlos Lemos Simmonds |
| Andrés Pastrana Arango |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
1998-08-07 |
2002-08-07 |
Conservative |
Congress of Colombia |
Gustavo Bell |
| Álvaro Uribe |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
2002-08-07 |
2010-08-07 |
Colombia First |
Congress of Colombia |
Francisco Santos Calderón |
| Juan Manuel Santos |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
2010-08-07 |
2018-08-07 |
Social Party of National Unity |
Congress of Colombia |
Angelino Garzón / Germán Vargas Lleras / Óscar Naranjo |
| Iván Duque |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
2018-08-07 |
2022-08-07 |
Democratic Center |
Congress of Colombia |
Marta Lucía Ramírez |
| Gustavo Petro |
Republic of Colombia |
President |
2022-08-07 |
2026-08-07 |
Historic Pact |
Congress of Colombia |
Francia Márquez |
| Abelardo de la Espriella |
Caribbean |
President-elect |
2026-08-07 |
Incumbent |
Defenders of the Homeland |
Congress of Colombia |
To be determined |
| Clovis I |
France |
King of the Franks |
0481-01-01 |
0511-11-27 |
Merovingian |
Royal court |
— |
| Childebert I |
France |
King of Paris |
0511-11-27 |
0558-12-23 |
Merovingian |
Royal court |
— |
| Clotaire I |
France |
King of the Franks |
0558-12-23 |
0561-11-29 |
Merovingian |
Royal court |
— |
| Dagobert I |
France |
King of the Franks |
0629-01-01 |
0639-01-19 |
Merovingian |
Royal court |
— |
| Pepin the Short |
France |
King of the Franks |
0751-11-01 |
0768-09-24 |
Carolingian |
Royal court |
— |
| Charlemagne |
France |
King of the Franks |
0768-09-24 |
0814-01-28 |
Carolingian |
Royal court |
— |
| Louis the Pious |
France |
King of the Franks |
0814-01-28 |
0840-06-20 |
Carolingian |
Royal court |
— |
| Charles the Bald |
France |
King of West Francia |
0843-08-10 |
0877-10-06 |
Carolingian |
Royal court |
— |
| Hugh Capet |
France |
King of France |
0987-07-03 |
0996-10-24 |
Capetian |
Royal court |
— |
| Robert II of France |
France |
King of France |
0996-10-24 |
1031-07-20 |
Capetian |
Royal court |
— |
| Philip II of France |
France |
King of France |
1180-09-18 |
1223-07-14 |
Capetian |
Royal court |
— |
| Louis IX of France |
France |
King of France |
1226-11-08 |
1270-08-25 |
Capetian |
Royal court |
— |
| Philip IV of France |
France |
King of France |
1285-10-05 |
1314-11-29 |
Capetian |
Royal court |
— |
| Philip VI of France |
France |
King of France |
1328-04-01 |
1350-08-22 |
Valois |
Royal court |
— |
| Charles V of France |
France |
King of France |
1364-04-08 |
1380-09-16 |
Valois |
Royal court |
— |
| Charles VII of France |
France |
King of France |
1422-10-21 |
1461-07-22 |
Valois |
Royal court |
— |
| Louis XI of France |
France |
King of France |
1461-07-22 |
1483-08-30 |
Valois |
Royal court |
— |
| Francis I of France |
France |
King of France |
1515-01-01 |
1547-03-31 |
Valois |
Royal court |
— |
| Henry II of France |
France |
King of France |
1547-03-31 |
1559-07-10 |
Valois |
Royal court |
— |
| Henry IV of France |
France |
King of France |
1589-08-02 |
1610-05-14 |
Bourbon |
Royal court |
— |
| Louis XIII of France |
France |
King of France |
1610-05-14 |
1643-05-14 |
Bourbon |
Royal court |
— |
| Louis XIV of France |
France |
King of France |
1643-05-14 |
1715-09-01 |
Bourbon |
Royal court |
— |
| Louis XV of France |
France |
King of France |
1715-09-01 |
1774-05-10 |
Bourbon |
Royal court |
— |
| Louis XVI of France |
France |
King of France |
1774-05-10 |
1792-09-21 |
Bourbon |
Royal court |
— |
| Louis XVIII of France |
France |
King of France |
1814-04-06 |
1824-09-16 |
Bourbon |
Royal court |
— |
| Charles X of France |
France |
King of France |
1824-09-16 |
1830-08-02 |
Bourbon |
Royal court |
— |
| Louis Philippe I |
France |
King of the French |
1830-08-09 |
1848-02-24 |
Orléans |
Royal court |
— |
| Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte |
France |
President |
1848-12-20 |
1852-12-02 |
Bonapartist |
National Assembly |
— |
| Adolphe Thiers |
France |
President |
1871-08-31 |
1873-05-24 |
Republican |
National Assembly |
— |
| Patrice de MacMahon |
France |
President |
1873-05-24 |
1879-01-30 |
Monarchist |
National Assembly |
— |
| Jules Grévy |
France |
President |
1879-01-30 |
1887-12-02 |
Republican |
National Assembly |
— |
| Sadi Carnot |
France |
President |
1887-12-03 |
1894-06-25 |
Republican |
National Assembly |
— |
| Jean Casimir-Perier |
France |
President |
1894-06-27 |
1895-01-16 |
Republican |
National Assembly |
— |
| Félix Faure |
France |
President |
1895-01-17 |
1899-02-16 |
Republican |
National Assembly |
— |
| Émile Loubet |
France |
President |
1899-02-18 |
1906-02-18 |
Republican |
National Assembly |
— |
| Armand Fallières |
France |
President |
1906-02-18 |
1913-02-18 |
Republican |
National Assembly |
— |
| Raymond Poincaré |
France |
President |
1913-02-18 |
1920-02-18 |
Republican |
National Assembly |
— |
| Paul Deschanel |
France |
President |
1920-02-18 |
1920-09-21 |
Republican |
National Assembly |
— |
| Alexandre Millerand |
France |
President |
1920-09-23 |
1924-06-11 |
Republican |
National Assembly |
— |
| Gaston Doumergue |
France |
President |
1924-06-13 |
1931-06-13 |
Radical |
National Assembly |
— |
| Paul Doumer |
France |
President |
1931-06-13 |
1932-05-07 |
Radical |
National Assembly |
— |
| Albert Lebrun |
France |
President |
1932-05-10 |
1940-07-11 |
Democratic Republican Alliance |
National Assembly |
— |
| Vincent Auriol |
France |
President |
1947-01-16 |
1954-01-16 |
SFIO (Socialist) |
National Assembly |
— |
| René Coty |
France |
President |
1954-01-16 |
1959-01-08 |
Independent Republican |
National Assembly |
— |
| Charles de Gaulle |
France |
President |
1959-01-08 |
1969-04-28 |
Gaullist |
Parliament |
— |
| Alain Poher |
France |
Acting President |
1969-04-28 |
1969-06-20 |
Centrist |
Parliament |
— |
| Georges Pompidou |
France |
President |
1969-06-20 |
1974-04-02 |
Gaullist |
Parliament |
— |
| Alain Poher |
France |
Acting President |
1974-04-02 |
1974-05-27 |
Centrist |
Parliament |
— |
| Valéry Giscard d’Estaing |
France |
President |
1974-05-27 |
1981-05-21 |
Independent Republican |
Parliament |
— |
| François Mitterrand |
France |
President |
1981-05-21 |
1995-05-17 |
Socialist |
Parliament |
— |
| Jacques Chirac |
France |
President |
1995-05-17 |
2007-05-16 |
Gaullist (RPR/UMP) |
Parliament |
— |
| Nicolas Sarkozy |
France |
President |
2007-05-16 |
2012-05-15 |
UMP |
Parliament |
— |
| François Hollande |
France |
President |
2012-05-15 |
2017-05-14 |
Socialist |
Parliament |
— |
| Emmanuel Macron |
France |
President |
2017-05-14 |
Present |
Renaissance |
Parliament |
— |
| Pedro I |
Brazil |
Emperor |
1822-10-12 |
1831-04-07 |
— |
General Assembly |
— |
| Pedro II |
Brazil |
Emperor |
1831-04-07 |
1889-11-15 |
— |
General Assembly |
— |
| Deodoro da Fonseca |
Brazil |
President |
1889-11-15 |
1891-11-23 |
Military / Republican |
National Congress |
Floriano Peixoto |
| Floriano Peixoto |
Brazil |
President |
1891-11-23 |
1894-11-15 |
Republican |
National Congress |
— |
| Prudente de Morais |
Brazil |
President |
1894-11-15 |
1898-11-15 |
Republican |
National Congress |
Manuel Vitorino |
| Campos Sales |
Brazil |
President |
1898-11-15 |
1902-11-15 |
Republican |
National Congress |
Rosa e Silva |
| Rodrigues Alves |
Brazil |
President |
1902-11-15 |
1906-11-15 |
Republican |
National Congress |
Afonso Pena |
| Afonso Pena |
Brazil |
President |
1906-11-15 |
1909-06-14 |
Republican |
National Congress |
Nilo Peçanha |
| Nilo Peçanha |
Brazil |
President |
1909-06-14 |
1910-11-15 |
Republican |
National Congress |
— |
| Hermes da Fonseca |
Brazil |
President |
1910-11-15 |
1914-11-15 |
Republican |
National Congress |
Venceslau Brás |
| Venceslau Brás |
Brazil |
President |
1914-11-15 |
1918-11-15 |
Republican |
National Congress |
Urbano Santos |
| Delfim Moreira |
Brazil |
President (acting) |
1918-11-15 |
1919-07-28 |
Republican |
National Congress |
— |
| Epitácio Pessoa |
Brazil |
President |
1919-07-28 |
1922-11-15 |
Republican |
National Congress |
Bueno de Paiva |
| Artur Bernardes |
Brazil |
President |
1922-11-15 |
1926-11-15 |
Republican |
National Congress |
Estácio Coimbra |
| Washington Luís |
Brazil |
President |
1926-11-15 |
1930-10-24 |
Republican |
National Congress |
Fernando de Melo Viana |
| Getúlio Vargas |
Brazil |
President |
1930-11-03 |
1945-10-29 |
— |
— |
— |
| José Linhares |
Brazil |
President (acting) |
1945-10-29 |
1946-01-31 |
— |
National Congress |
— |
| Eurico Gaspar Dutra |
Brazil |
President |
1946-01-31 |
1951-01-31 |
PSD |
National Congress |
Nereu Ramos |
| Getúlio Vargas |
Brazil |
President |
1951-01-31 |
1954-08-24 |
PTB |
National Congress |
Café Filho |
| Café Filho |
Brazil |
President |
1954-08-24 |
1955-11-08 |
PTB |
National Congress |
— |
| Carlos Luz |
Brazil |
President (acting) |
1955-11-08 |
1955-11-11 |
PSD |
National Congress |
— |
| Nereu Ramos |
Brazil |
President (acting) |
1955-11-11 |
1956-01-31 |
PSD |
National Congress |
— |
| Juscelino Kubitschek |
Brazil |
President |
1956-01-31 |
1961-01-31 |
PSD |
National Congress |
João Goulart |
| Jânio Quadros |
Brazil |
President |
1961-01-31 |
1961-08-25 |
PTN |
National Congress |
João Goulart |
| Ranieri Mazzilli |
Brazil |
President (acting) |
1961-08-25 |
1961-09-07 |
PSD |
National Congress |
— |
| João Goulart |
Brazil |
President |
1961-09-07 |
1964-04-02 |
PTB |
National Congress |
— |
| Ranieri Mazzilli |
Brazil |
President (acting) |
1964-04-02 |
1964-04-15 |
PSD |
National Congress |
— |
| Humberto Castelo Branco |
Brazil |
President |
1964-04-15 |
1967-03-15 |
ARENA |
National Congress |
José Maria Alkmin |
| Artur da Costa e Silva |
Brazil |
President |
1967-03-15 |
1969-08-31 |
ARENA |
National Congress |
Pedro Aleixo |
| Military Junta |
Brazil |
Acting presidency |
1969-08-31 |
1969-10-30 |
Military |
— |
— |
| Emílio Garrastazu Médici |
Brazil |
President |
1969-10-30 |
1974-03-15 |
ARENA |
National Congress |
Adalberto Pereira |
| Ernesto Geisel |
Brazil |
President |
1974-03-15 |
1979-03-15 |
ARENA |
National Congress |
Adalberto Pereira |
| João Figueiredo |
Brazil |
President |
1979-03-15 |
1985-03-15 |
PDS |
National Congress |
Aureliano Chaves |
| Tancredo Neves |
Brazil |
President-elect |
1985-03-15 |
1985-04-21 |
PMDB |
National Congress |
José Sarney |
| José Sarney |
Brazil |
President |
1985-03-15 |
1990-03-15 |
PMDB |
National Congress |
— |
| Fernando Collor |
Brazil |
President |
1990-03-15 |
1992-12-29 |
PRN |
National Congress |
Itamar Franco |
| Itamar Franco |
Brazil |
President |
1992-12-29 |
1995-01-01 |
PMDB |
National Congress |
— |
| Fernando Henrique Cardoso |
Brazil |
President |
1995/01/01 |
2003/01/01 |
PSDB |
National Congress |
Marco Maciel |
| Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
Brazil |
President |
2003-01-01 |
2011-01-01 |
PT |
National Congress |
José Alencar |
| Dilma Rousseff |
Brazil |
President |
2011-01-01 |
2016-08-31 |
PT |
National Congress |
Michel Temer |
| Michel Temer |
Brazil |
President |
2016-08-31 |
2019-01-01 |
PMDB |
National Congress |
— |
| Jair Bolsonaro |
Brazil |
President |
2019-01-01 |
2023-01-01 |
PSL - PL |
National Congress |
Hamilton Mourão |
| Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
Brazil |
President |
2023-01-01 |
Present |
PT |
National Congress |
Geraldo Alckmin |
| Leopold III |
Austrian Empire |
Margrave of Austria |
1095 |
1136 |
|
|
|
| Henry II Jasomirgott |
Austrian Empire |
Duke of Austria |
1156 |
1177 |
|
|
|
| Leopold V |
Austrian Empire |
Duke of Austria |
1177 |
1194 |
|
|
|
| Frederick II the Quarrelsome |
Austrian Empire |
Duke of Austria |
1230 |
1246 |
|
|
|
| Rudolf I |
Austrian Empire |
Duke of Austria |
1278 |
1282 |
|
|
|
| Albert II |
Austrian Empire |
Archduke of Austria |
1404 |
1439 |
|
|
|
| Frederick III |
Austrian Empire |
Archduke of Austria |
1457 |
1493 |
|
|
|
| Maximilian I |
Austrian Empire |
Archduke of Austria |
1493 |
1519 |
|
|
|
| Francis I |
Austrian Empire |
Emperor of Austria |
1804 |
1835 |
|
Imperial Council |
|
| Ferdinand I |
Austrian Empire |
Emperor of Austria |
1835 |
1848 |
|
Imperial Council |
|
| Franz Joseph I |
Austrian Empire |
Emperor of Austria |
1848 |
1867 |
|
Imperial Council |
|
| Franz Joseph I |
Austria-Hungary Empire |
Emperor of Austria |
1867 |
1916 |
|
Reichsrat |
|
| Charles I |
Austria-Hungary Empire |
Emperor of Austria |
1916 |
1918 |
|
Reichsrat |
|
| Karl Seitz |
Autria |
President (Provisional) |
1919 |
1920 |
SDAPÖ |
Constituent Assembly |
|
| Michael Hainisch |
Autria |
Federal President |
1920 |
1928 |
Independent |
Federal Assembly |
|
| Wilhelm Miklas |
Autria |
Federal President |
1928 |
1938 |
Christian Social Party |
Federal Assembly |
|
| Karl Renner |
Autria |
Federal President |
1945 |
1950 |
SPÖ |
Federal Assembly |
|
| Theodor Körner |
Autria |
Federal President |
1951 |
1957 |
SPÖ |
Federal Assembly |
|
| Adolf Schärf |
Autria |
Federal President |
1957 |
1965 |
SPÖ |
Federal Assembly |
|
| Franz Jonas |
Autria |
Federal President |
1965 |
1974 |
SPÖ |
Federal Assembly |
|
| Rudolf Kirchschläger |
Autria |
Federal President |
1974 |
1986 |
Independent |
Federal Assembly |
|
| Kurt Waldheim |
Autria |
Federal President |
1986 |
1992 |
Independent |
Federal Assembly |
|
| Thomas Klestil |
Autria |
Federal President |
1992 |
2004 |
ÖVP |
Federal Assembly |
|
| Heinz Fischer |
Autria |
Federal President |
2004 |
2016 |
SPÖ |
Federal Assembly |
|
| Alexander Van der Bellen |
Autria |
Federal President |
2017 |
Incumbent |
Independent (Greens-backed) |
Federal Assembly |
|
| Muhammad Naguib |
Republic of Egypt |
President |
1953-06-18 |
1954-11-14 |
Military |
|
|
| Gamal Abdel Nasser |
Republic of Egypt |
President |
1954-11-14 |
1956-06-23 |
Arab Socialist Union |
|
Zakaria Mohieddin |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser |
Republic of Egypt |
President |
1956-06-23 |
1958-02-22 |
|
|
|
| Gamal Abdel Nasser |
United Arab Republic |
President |
1958-02-22 |
1965-03-15 |
|
|
|
| Gamal Abdel Nasser |
United Arab Republic |
President |
1965-03-15 |
1970-09-28 |
|
|
|
| Anwar Sadat |
United Arab Republic |
President |
1970-09-28 |
1970-10-15 |
|
|
|
| Anwar Sadat |
United Arab Republic |
President |
1970-10-15 |
1971-09-11 |
National Democratic Party |
|
Hosni Mubarak |
| Anwar Sadat |
Arab Republic of Egypt |
President |
1971-09-11 |
1981-10-06 |
|
|
|
| Sufi Abu Taleb |
Arab Republic of Egypt |
President |
1981-10-06 |
1981-10-14 |
|
|
|
| Hosni Mubarak |
Arab Republic of Egypt |
President |
1981-10-14 |
2011-02-11 |
National Democratic Party |
|
Omar Suleiman |
| Muhammad Hussein Tantawy |
Arab Republic of Egypt |
President |
2011-02-11 |
2012-06-30 |
|
|
|
| Mohamed Morsi |
Arab Republic of Egypt |
President |
2012-06-30 |
2013-07-03 |
Freedom and Justice Party |
|
Mahmoud Mekki |
| Adly Mansour |
Arab Republic of Egypt |
President |
2013-07-03 |
2014-06-08 |
Independent |
|
|
| Abdel Fattah el-Sisi |
Arab Republic of Egypt |
President |
2014-06-08 |
Incumbent |
Independent |
|
— |
| Jimmu |
Japan |
Emperor |
660 BCE |
585 BCE |
— |
— |
— |
| Suizei |
Japan |
Emperor |
581 BCE |
549 BCE |
— |
— |
— |
| Annei |
Japan |
Emperor |
549 BCE |
511 BCE |
— |
— |
— |
| Itoku |
Japan |
Emperor |
510 BCE |
477 BCE |
— |
— |
— |
| Kōshō |
Japan |
Emperor |
475 BCE |
393 BCE |
— |
— |
— |
| Kōan |
Japan |
Emperor |
392 BCE |
291 BCE |
— |
— |
— |
| Kōrei |
Japan |
Emperor |
290 BCE |
215 BCE |
— |
— |
— |
| Kōgen |
Japan |
Emperor |
214 BCE |
158 BCE |
— |
— |
— |
| Kaika |
Japan |
Emperor |
157 BCE |
98 BCE |
— |
— |
— |
| Sujin |
Japan |
Emperor |
97 BCE |
30 BCE |
— |
— |
— |
| Suinin |
Japan |
Emperor |
29 BCE |
70 CE |
— |
— |
— |
| Keikō |
Japan |
Emperor |
71 |
130 |
— |
— |
— |
| Seimu |
Japan |
Emperor |
131 |
190 |
— |
— |
— |
| Chūai |
Japan |
Emperor |
192 |
200 |
— |
— |
— |
| Ōjin |
Japan |
Emperor |
270 |
310 |
— |
— |
— |
| Nintoku |
Japan |
Emperor |
313 |
399 |
— |
— |
— |
| Richū |
Japan |
Emperor |
400 |
405 |
— |
— |
— |
| Hanzei |
Japan |
Emperor |
406 |
410 |
— |
— |
— |
| Ingyō |
Japan |
Emperor |
412 |
453 |
— |
— |
— |
| Ankō |
Japan |
Emperor |
453 |
456 |
— |
— |
— |
| Yūryaku |
Japan |
Emperor |
456 |
479 |
— |
— |
— |
| Seinei |
Japan |
Emperor |
480 |
484 |
— |
— |
— |
| Kenzō |
Japan |
Emperor |
485 |
487 |
— |
— |
— |
| Ninken |
Japan |
Emperor |
488 |
498 |
— |
— |
— |
| Buretsu |
Japan |
Emperor |
498 |
507 |
— |
— |
— |
| Keitai |
Japan |
Emperor |
507 |
531 |
— |
— |
— |
| Ankan |
Japan |
Emperor |
531 |
536 |
— |
— |
— |
| Senka |
Japan |
Emperor |
536 |
539 |
— |
— |
— |
| Kinmei |
Japan |
Emperor |
539 |
571 |
— |
— |
— |
| Bidatsu |
Japan |
Emperor |
572 |
585 |
— |
— |
— |
| Yōmei |
Japan |
Emperor |
585 |
587 |
— |
— |
— |
| Sushun |
Japan |
Emperor |
587 |
592 |
— |
— |
— |
| Suiko |
Japan |
Emperor |
592 |
628 |
— |
— |
— |
| Jomei |
Japan |
Emperor |
629 |
641 |
— |
— |
— |
| Kōgyoku / Saimei |
Japan |
Emperor |
642 |
661 |
— |
— |
— |
| Tenji |
Japan |
Emperor |
661 |
672 |
— |
— |
— |
| Kōbun |
Japan |
Emperor |
672 |
672 |
— |
— |
— |
| Tenmu |
Japan |
Emperor |
673 |
686 |
— |
— |
— |
| Jitō |
Japan |
Emperor |
686 |
697 |
— |
— |
— |
| Monmu |
Japan |
Emperor |
697 |
707 |
— |
— |
— |
| Genmei |
Japan |
Emperor |
707 |
715 |
— |
— |
— |
| Genshō |
Japan |
Emperor |
715 |
724 |
— |
— |
— |
| Shōmu |
Japan |
Emperor |
724 |
749 |
— |
— |
— |
| Kōken / Shōtoku |
Japan |
Emperor |
749 |
770 |
— |
— |
— |
| Kōnin |
Japan |
Emperor |
770 |
781 |
— |
— |
— |
| Kanmu |
Japan |
Emperor |
781 |
806 |
— |
— |
— |
| Heizei |
Japan |
Emperor |
806 |
809 |
— |
— |
— |
| Saga |
Japan |
Emperor |
809 |
823 |
— |
— |
— |
| Junna |
Japan |
Emperor |
823 |
833 |
— |
— |
— |
| Ninmyō |
Japan |
Emperor |
833 |
850 |
— |
— |
— |
| Montoku |
Japan |
Emperor |
850 |
858 |
— |
— |
— |
| Seiwa |
Japan |
Emperor |
858 |
876 |
— |
— |
— |
| Yōzei |
Japan |
Emperor |
876 |
884 |
— |
— |
— |
| Kōkō |
Japan |
Emperor |
884 |
887 |
— |
— |
— |
| Uda |
Japan |
Emperor |
887 |
897 |
— |
— |
— |
| Daigo |
Japan |
Emperor |
897 |
930 |
— |
— |
— |
| Suzaku |
Japan |
Emperor |
930 |
946 |
— |
— |
— |
| Murakami |
Japan |
Emperor |
946 |
967 |
— |
— |
— |
| Reizei |
Japan |
Emperor |
967 |
969 |
— |
— |
— |
| En'yū |
Japan |
Emperor |
969 |
984 |
— |
— |
— |
| Kazan |
Japan |
Emperor |
984 |
986 |
— |
— |
— |
| Ichijō |
Japan |
Emperor |
986 |
1011 |
— |
— |
— |
| Sanjō |
Japan |
Emperor |
1011 |
1016 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Ichijō |
Japan |
Emperor |
1016 |
1036 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Suzaku |
Japan |
Emperor |
1036 |
1045 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Reizei |
Japan |
Emperor |
1045 |
1068 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Sanjō |
Japan |
Emperor |
1068 |
1073 |
— |
— |
— |
| Shirakawa |
Japan |
Emperor |
1073 |
1087 |
— |
— |
— |
| Horikawa |
Japan |
Emperor |
1087 |
1107 |
— |
— |
— |
| Toba |
Japan |
Emperor |
1107 |
1123 |
— |
— |
— |
| Sutoku |
Japan |
Emperor |
1123 |
1142 |
— |
— |
— |
| Konoe |
Japan |
Emperor |
1142 |
1155 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Shirakawa |
Japan |
Emperor |
1155 |
1158 |
— |
— |
— |
| Nijō |
Japan |
Emperor |
1158 |
1165 |
— |
— |
— |
| Rokujō |
Japan |
Emperor |
1165 |
1168 |
— |
— |
— |
| Takakura |
Japan |
Emperor |
1168 |
1180 |
— |
— |
— |
| Antoku |
Japan |
Emperor |
1180 |
1185 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Toba |
Japan |
Emperor |
1183 |
1198 |
— |
— |
— |
| Tsuchimikado |
Japan |
Emperor |
1198 |
1210 |
— |
— |
— |
| Juntoku |
Japan |
Emperor |
1210 |
1221 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Horikawa |
Japan |
Emperor |
1221 |
1232 |
— |
— |
— |
| Shijō |
Japan |
Emperor |
1232 |
1242 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Saga |
Japan |
Emperor |
1242 |
1246 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Fukakusa |
Japan |
Emperor |
1246 |
1260 |
— |
— |
— |
| Kameyama |
Japan |
Emperor |
1259 |
1274 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Uda |
Japan |
Emperor |
1274 |
1287 |
— |
— |
— |
| Fushimi |
Japan |
Emperor |
1287 |
1298 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Fushimi |
Japan |
Emperor |
1298 |
1301 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Nijō |
Japan |
Emperor |
1301 |
1308 |
— |
— |
— |
| Hanazono |
Japan |
Emperor |
1308 |
1318 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Daigo |
Japan |
Emperor |
1318 |
1339 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Komatsu |
Japan |
Emperor |
1382 |
1412 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Hanazono |
Japan |
Emperor |
1428 |
1464 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Tsuchimikado |
Japan |
Emperor |
1464 |
1500 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Kashiwabara |
Japan |
Emperor |
1500 |
1526 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Nara |
Japan |
Emperor |
1526 |
1557 |
— |
— |
— |
| Ōgimachi |
Japan |
Emperor |
1557 |
1586 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Yōzei |
Japan |
Emperor |
1586 |
1611 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Mizunoo |
Japan |
Emperor |
1611 |
1629 |
— |
— |
— |
| Meishō |
Japan |
Emperor |
1629 |
1643 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Kōmyō |
Japan |
Emperor |
1643 |
1654 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Sai |
Japan |
Emperor |
1655 |
1663 |
— |
— |
— |
| Reigen |
Japan |
Emperor |
1663 |
1687 |
— |
— |
— |
| Higashiyama |
Japan |
Emperor |
1687 |
1709 |
— |
— |
— |
| Nakamikado |
Japan |
Emperor |
1709 |
1735 |
— |
— |
— |
| Sakuramachi |
Japan |
Emperor |
1735 |
1747 |
— |
— |
— |
| Momozono |
Japan |
Emperor |
1747 |
1762 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Sakuramachi |
Japan |
Emperor |
1762 |
1771 |
— |
— |
— |
| Go-Momozono |
Japan |
Emperor |
1771 |
1779 |
— |
— |
— |
| Kōkaku |
Japan |
Emperor |
1780 |
1817 |
— |
— |
— |
| Ninkō |
Japan |
Emperor |
1817 |
1846 |
— |
— |
— |
| Kōmei |
Japan |
Emperor |
1846 |
1867 |
— |
— |
— |
| Meiji |
Japan |
Emperor |
1867/02/03 |
1912/07/30 |
— |
— |
— |
| Taishō |
Japan |
Emperor |
1912/07/30 |
1926/12/25 |
— |
— |
— |
| Shōwa (Hirohito) |
Japan |
Emperor |
1926/12/25 |
1989/01/07 |
— |
— |
— |
| Akihito |
Japan |
Emperor |
1989/01/07 |
2019/04/30 |
— |
— |
— |
| Naruhito |
Japan |
Emperor |
2019/05/01 |
Present |
— |
— |
— |
| Pelagius |
León & Castile |
King |
718 |
737 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Favila |
León & Castile |
King |
737 |
739 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Alfonso I |
León & Castile |
King |
739 |
757 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Fruela I |
León & Castile |
King |
757 |
768 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Alfonso II |
León & Castile |
King |
791 |
842 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Ramiro I |
León & Castile |
King |
842 |
850 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Ordoño I |
León & Castile |
King |
850 |
866 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Alfonso III |
León & Castile |
King |
866 |
910 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| García I |
León & Castile |
King |
910 |
914 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Ordoño II |
León & Castile |
King |
914 |
924 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Fruela II |
León & Castile |
King |
924 |
925 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Ramiro II |
León & Castile |
King |
931 |
951 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Ordoño III |
León & Castile |
King |
951 |
956 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Sancho I |
León & Castile |
King |
956 |
966 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Ramiro III |
León & Castile |
King |
966 |
984 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Bermudo II |
León & Castile |
King |
984 |
999 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Alfonso V |
León & Castile |
King |
999 |
1028 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Bermudo III |
León & Castile |
King |
1028 |
1037 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Ferdinand I |
León & Castile |
King |
1037 |
1065 |
Jiménez |
|
|
| Sancho II |
León & Castile |
King |
1065 |
1072 |
Jiménez |
|
|
| Alfonso VI |
León & Castile |
King |
1072 |
1109 |
Jiménez |
|
|
| Urraca |
León & Castile |
King |
1109 |
1126 |
Jiménez |
|
|
| Alfonso VII |
León & Castile |
King |
1126 |
1157 |
Jiménez |
|
|
| Ferdinand II |
León & Castile |
King |
1157 |
1188 |
Jiménez |
|
|
| Alfonso IX |
León & Castile |
King |
1188 |
1230 |
Jiménez |
|
|
| Ferdinand III |
León & Castile |
King |
1230 |
1252 |
House of Burgundy |
|
|
| Alfonso X |
León & Castile |
King |
1252 |
1284 |
House of Burgundy |
|
|
| Sancho IV |
León & Castile |
King |
1284 |
1295 |
House of Burgundy |
|
|
| Ferdinand IV |
León & Castile |
King |
1295 |
1312 |
House of Burgundy |
|
|
| Alfonso XI |
León & Castile |
King |
1312 |
1350 |
House of Burgundy |
|
|
| Peter I |
León & Castile |
King |
1350 |
1369 |
House of Burgundy |
|
|
| Henry II |
León & Castile |
King |
1369 |
1379 |
House of Trastámara |
|
|
| John I |
León & Castile |
King |
1379 |
1390 |
Trastámara |
|
|
| Henry III |
León & Castile |
King |
1390 |
1406 |
Trastámara |
|
|
| John II |
León & Castile |
King |
1406 |
1454 |
Trastámara |
|
|
| Henry IV |
León & Castile |
King |
1454 |
1474 |
Trastámara |
|
|
| Isabella I |
León & Castile |
King |
1474 |
1504 |
Trastámara |
|
|
| Joanna I |
León & Castile |
King |
1504 |
1555 |
Trastámara |
|
|
| Ramiro I |
Aragon |
King |
1035 |
1063 |
Jiménez |
|
|
| Sancho Ramírez |
Aragon |
King |
1063 |
1094 |
Jiménez |
|
|
| Peter I |
Aragon |
King |
1094 |
1104 |
Jiménez |
|
|
| Alfonso I |
Aragon |
King |
1104 |
1134 |
Jiménez |
|
|
| Ramiro II |
Aragon |
King |
1134 |
1137 |
Jiménez |
|
|
| Petronilla |
Aragon |
King |
1137 |
1164 |
House of Barcelona |
|
|
| Alfonso II |
Aragon |
King |
1164 |
1196 |
House of Barcelona |
|
|
| Peter II |
Aragon |
King |
1196 |
1213 |
Barcelona |
|
|
| James I |
Aragon |
King |
1213 |
1276 |
Barcelona |
|
|
| Peter III |
Aragon |
King |
1276 |
1285 |
Barcelona |
|
|
| Alfonso III |
Aragon |
King |
1285 |
1291 |
Barcelona |
|
|
| James II |
Aragon |
King |
1291 |
1327 |
Barcelona |
|
|
| Alfonso IV |
Aragon |
King |
1327 |
1336 |
Barcelona |
|
|
| Peter IV |
Aragon |
King |
1336 |
1387 |
Barcelona |
|
|
| John I |
Aragon |
King |
1387 |
1396 |
Barcelona |
|
|
| Martin I |
Aragon |
King |
1396 |
1410 |
Barcelona |
|
|
| Ferdinand I |
Aragon |
King |
1412 |
1416 |
Trastámara |
|
|
| Alfonso V |
Aragon |
King |
1416 |
1458 |
Trastámara |
|
|
| John II |
Aragon |
King |
1458 |
1479 |
Trastámara |
|
|
| Ferdinand II |
Aragon |
King |
1479 |
1516 |
Trastámara |
|
|
| Pelagius |
Asturias |
King |
718 |
737 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Favila |
Asturias |
King |
737 |
739 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Alfonso I |
Asturias |
King |
739 |
757 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Fruela I |
Asturias |
King |
757 |
768 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Aurelius |
Asturias |
King |
768 |
774 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Silo |
Asturias |
King |
774 |
783 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Mauregatus |
Asturias |
King |
783 |
789 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Bermudo I |
Asturias |
King |
789 |
791 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Alfonso II |
Asturias |
King |
791 |
842 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Ramiro I |
Asturias |
King |
842 |
850 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Ordoño I |
Asturias |
King |
850 |
866 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Alfonso III |
Asturias |
King |
866 |
910 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| García I |
Asturias |
King |
910 |
914 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Ordoño II |
Asturias |
King |
914 |
924 |
Astur-Leonese |
|
|
| Charles I |
Spain |
King |
1516 |
1556 |
House of Habsburg |
|
|
| Philip II |
Spain |
King |
1556 |
1598 |
House of Habsburg |
|
|
| Philip III |
Spain |
King |
1598 |
1621 |
House of Habsburg |
|
|
| Philip IV |
Spain |
King |
1621 |
1665 |
House of Habsburg |
|
|
| Charles II |
Spain |
King |
1665 |
1700 |
House of Habsburg |
|
|
| Philip V |
Spain |
King |
1700 |
1724 |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Louis I |
Spain |
King |
1724 |
1724 |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Philip V |
Spain |
King |
1724 |
1746 |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Ferdinand VI |
Spain |
King |
1746 |
1759 |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Charles III |
Spain |
King |
1759 |
1788 |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Charles IV |
Spain |
King |
1788 |
1808 |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Ferdinand VII |
Spain |
King |
1808 |
1808 |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Joseph I |
Spain |
King |
1808 |
1813 |
House of Bonaparte |
|
|
| Ferdinand VII |
Spain |
King |
1813 |
1833 |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Isabella II |
Spain |
King |
1833 |
1868 |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Amadeo I |
Spain |
King |
1870 |
1873 |
House of Savoy |
|
|
| Alfonso XII |
Spain |
King |
1874 |
1885 |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Alfonso XIII |
Spain |
King |
1886 |
1931 |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Juan Carlos I |
Spain |
King |
1975 |
2014 |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Felipe VI |
Spain |
King |
2014 |
Present |
House of Bourbon |
|
|
| Vímara Peres |
County of Portugal |
King |
868 |
873 |
House of Vímara |
|
|
| Lucídio Vimaranes |
County of Portugal |
King |
873 |
924 |
House of Vímara |
|
|
| Hermenegildo González |
County of Portugal |
King |
c.924 |
c.950 |
House of Vímara |
|
|
| Mumadona Dias |
County of Portugal |
King |
c.924 |
c.950 |
House of Vímara |
|
|
| Gonzalo Menéndez |
County of Portugal |
King |
c.950 |
997 |
House of Vímara |
|
|
| Menendo González |
County of Portugal |
King |
997 |
1008 |
House of Vímara |
|
|
| Alvito Nunes |
County of Portugal |
King |
1008 |
1015 |
House of Vímara |
|
|
| Nuno Alvites |
County of Portugal |
King |
1017 |
1028 |
House of Vímara |
|
|
| Ilduara Mendes |
County of Portugal |
King |
1017 |
1028 |
House of Vímara |
|
|
| Mendo Nunes |
County of Portugal |
King |
1028 |
1050 |
House of Vímara |
|
|
| Nuno Mendes |
County of Portugal |
King |
1050 |
1071 |
House of Vímara |
|
|
| Henry |
County of Portugal |
King |
1096 |
1112 |
House of Burgundy |
|
|
| Theresa |
County of Portugal |
King |
1096 |
1128 |
House of Burgundy |
|
|
| Afonso |
County of Portugal |
King |
1112/1128 |
1143 |
House of Burgundy |
|
|
| Afonso I |
Portugal |
King |
1139 |
1185 |
House of Burgundy - Afonsine Dynasty |
|
|
| Sancho I |
Portugal |
King |
1185 |
1211 |
House of Burgundy - Afonsine Dynasty |
|
|
| Afonso II |
Portugal |
King |
1211 |
1223 |
House of Burgundy - Afonsine Dynasty |
|
|
| Sancho II |
Portugal |
King |
1223 |
1247 |
House of Burgundy - Afonsine Dynasty |
|
|
| Afonso III |
Portugal |
King |
1248 |
1279 |
House of Burgundy - Afonsine Dynasty |
|
|
| Dinis I |
Portugal |
King |
1279 |
1325 |
House of Burgundy - Afonsine Dynasty |
|
|
| Afonso IV |
Portugal |
King |
1325 |
1357 |
House of Burgundy - Afonsine Dynasty |
|
|
| Peter I |
Portugal |
King |
1357 |
1367 |
House of Burgundy - Afonsine Dynasty |
|
|
| Ferdinand I |
Portugal |
King |
1367 |
1383 |
House of Burgundy - Afonsine Dynasty |
|
|
| John I |
Portugal |
King |
1385 |
1433 |
House of Aviz - Johanine Dynasty |
|
|
| Edward |
Portugal |
King |
1433 |
1438 |
House of Aviz - Johanine Dynasty |
|
|
| Afonso V |
Portugal |
King |
1438 |
1481 |
House of Aviz - Johanine Dynasty |
|
|
| John II |
Portugal |
King |
1481 |
1495 |
House of Aviz - Johanine Dynasty |
|
|
| Manuel I |
Portugal |
King |
1495 |
1521 |
House of Aviz - Johanine Dynasty |
|
|
| John III |
Portugal |
King |
1521 |
1557 |
House of Aviz - Johanine Dynasty |
|
|
| Sebastian I |
Portugal |
King |
1557 |
1578 |
House of Aviz - Johanine Dynasty |
|
|
| Philip I |
Portugal |
King |
1580 |
1598 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Philip II |
Portugal |
King |
1598 |
1621 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Philip III |
Portugal |
King |
1621 |
1640 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| John IV |
Portugal |
King |
1640 |
1656 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Afonso VI |
Portugal |
King |
1656 |
1683 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Peter II |
Portugal |
King |
1683 |
1706 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| John V |
Portugal |
King |
1706 |
1750 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Joseph I |
Portugal |
King |
1750 |
1777 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Maria I |
Portugal |
King |
1777 |
1816 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| John VI |
Portugal |
King |
1816 |
1826 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Peter IV |
Portugal |
King |
1826 |
1826 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Miguel I |
Portugal |
King |
1828 |
1834 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Maria II |
Portugal |
King |
1826 |
1853 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Peter V |
Portugal |
King |
1853 |
1861 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Louis I |
Portugal |
King |
1861 |
1889 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Charles I |
Portugal |
King |
1889 |
1908 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Manuel II |
Portugal |
King |
1908 |
1910 |
House of Habsburg - Brigantine Dynasty |
|
|
| Clovis I |
France |
King |
481 |
511 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Childebert I |
France |
King |
511 |
558 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Clotaire I |
France |
King |
558 |
561 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Charibert I |
France |
King |
561 |
567 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Guntram |
France |
King |
561 |
592 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Chilperic I |
France |
King |
561 |
584 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Clotaire II |
France |
King |
584 |
629 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Dagobert I |
France |
King |
629 |
639 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Clovis II |
France |
King |
639 |
657 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Chlothar III |
France |
King |
657 |
673 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Theuderic III |
France |
King |
673 |
691 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Clovis IV |
France |
King |
691 |
694 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Childebert III |
France |
King |
694 |
711 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Dagobert III |
France |
King |
711 |
715 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Chilperic II |
France |
King |
715 |
721 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Theuderic IV |
France |
King |
721 |
737 |
Merovingian |
|
|
| Pepin the Short |
France |
King |
751 |
768 |
Carolingian |
|
|
| Charlemagne |
France |
King |
768 |
814 |
Carolingian |
|
|
| Louis I |
France |
King |
814 |
840 |
Carolingian |
|
|
| Charles II |
France |
King |
843 |
877 |
Carolingian |
|
|
| Louis II |
France |
King |
877 |
879 |
Carolingian |
|
|
| Louis III |
France |
King |
879 |
882 |
Carolingian |
|
|
| Carloman II |
France |
King |
879 |
884 |
Carolingian |
|
|
| Charles III |
France |
King |
884 |
888 |
Carolingian |
|
|
| Odo |
France |
King |
888 |
898 |
Robertian |
|
|
| Charles III |
France |
King |
898 |
922 |
Carolingian |
|
|
| Robert I |
France |
King |
922 |
923 |
Robertian |
|
|
| Rudolph |
France |
King |
923 |
936 |
Bosonid |
|
|
| Louis IV |
France |
King |
936 |
954 |
Carolingian |
|
|
| Lothair |
France |
King |
954 |
986 |
Carolingian |
|
|
| Louis V |
France |
King |
986 |
987 |
Carolingian |
|
|
| Hugh Capet |
France |
King |
987 |
996 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Robert II |
France |
King |
996 |
1031 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Henry I |
France |
King |
1031 |
1060 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Philip I |
France |
King |
1060 |
1108 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Louis VI |
France |
King |
1108 |
1137 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Louis VII |
France |
King |
1137 |
1180 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Philip II |
France |
King |
1180 |
1223 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Louis VIII |
France |
King |
1223 |
1226 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Louis IX |
France |
King |
1226 |
1270 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Philip III |
France |
King |
1270 |
1285 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Philip IV |
France |
King |
1285 |
1314 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Louis X |
France |
King |
1314 |
1316 |
Capetian |
|
|
| John I |
France |
King |
1316 |
1316 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Philip V |
France |
King |
1316 |
1322 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Charles IV |
France |
King |
1322 |
1328 |
Capetian |
|
|
| Philip VI |
France |
King |
1328 |
1350 |
Valois |
|
|
| John II |
France |
King |
1350 |
1364 |
Valois |
|
|
| Charles V |
France |
King |
1364 |
1380 |
Valois |
|
|
| Charles VI |
France |
King |
1380 |
1422 |
Valois |
|
|
| Charles VII |
France |
King |
1422 |
1461 |
Valois |
|
|
| Louis XI |
France |
King |
1461 |
1483 |
Valois |
|
|
| Charles VIII |
France |
King |
1483 |
1498 |
Valois |
|
|
| Louis XII |
France |
King |
1498 |
1515 |
Valois-Orléans |
|
|
| Francis I |
France |
King |
1515 |
1547 |
Valois-Angoulême |
|
|
| Henry II |
France |
King |
1547 |
1559 |
Valois |
|
|
| Francis II |
France |
King |
1559 |
1560 |
Valois |
|
|
| Charles IX |
France |
King |
1560 |
1574 |
Valois |
|
|
| Henry III |
France |
King |
1574 |
1589 |
Valois |
|
|
| Henry IV |
France |
King |
1589 |
1610 |
Bourbon |
|
|
| Louis XIII |
France |
King |
1610 |
1643 |
Bourbon |
|
|
| Louis XIV |
France |
King |
1643 |
1715 |
Bourbon |
|
|
| Louis XV |
France |
King |
1715 |
1774 |
Bourbon |
|
|
| Louis XVI |
France |
King |
1774 |
1792 |
Bourbon |
|
|
| Louis XVIII |
France |
King |
1814 |
1824 |
Bourbon |
|
|
| Charles X |
France |
King |
1824 |
1830 |
Bourbon |
|
|
| Louis Philippe I |
France |
King |
1830 |
1848 |
House of Orléans |
|
|
| Æthelstan |
England |
King |
924 |
939 |
House of Wessex |
|
|
| Edmund I |
England |
King |
939 |
946 |
Wessex |
|
|
| Eadred |
England |
King |
946 |
955 |
Wessex |
|
|
| Eadwig |
England |
King |
955 |
959 |
Wessex |
|
|
| Edgar |
England |
King |
959 |
975 |
Wessex |
|
|
| Edward the Martyr |
England |
King |
975 |
978 |
Wessex |
|
|
| Æthelred II |
England |
King |
978 |
1013 |
Wessex |
|
|
| Sweyn Forkbeard |
England |
King |
1013 |
1014 |
House of Denmark |
|
|
| Æthelred II |
England |
King |
1014 |
1016 |
Wessex |
|
|
| Edmund II |
England |
King |
1016 |
1016 |
Wessex |
|
|
| Cnut |
England |
King |
1016 |
1035 |
House of Denmark |
|
|
| Harold I |
England |
King |
1035 |
1040 |
Denmark |
|
|
| Harthacnut |
England |
King |
1040 |
1042 |
Denmark |
|
|
| Edward the Confessor |
England |
King |
1042 |
1066 |
House of Wessex |
|
|
| Harold II |
England |
King |
1066 |
1066 |
House of Godwin |
|
|
| William I |
England |
King |
1066 |
1087 |
House of Normandy |
|
|
| William II |
England |
King |
1087 |
1100 |
Normandy |
|
|
| Henry I |
England |
King |
1100 |
1135 |
Normandy |
|
|
| Stephen |
England |
King |
1135 |
1154 |
House of Blois |
|
|
| Henry II |
England |
King |
1154 |
1189 |
Plantagenet |
|
|
| Richard I |
England |
King |
1189 |
1199 |
Plantagenet |
|
|
| John |
England |
King |
1199 |
1216 |
Plantagenet |
|
|
| Henry III |
England |
King |
1216 |
1272 |
Plantagenet |
|
|
| Edward I |
England |
King |
1272 |
1307 |
Plantagenet |
|
|
| Edward II |
England |
King |
1307 |
1327 |
Plantagenet |
|
|
| Edward III |
England |
King |
1327 |
1377 |
Plantagenet |
|
|
| Richard II |
England |
King |
1377 |
1399 |
Plantagenet |
|
|
| Henry IV |
England |
King |
1399 |
1413 |
House of Lancaster |
|
|
| Henry V |
England |
King |
1413 |
1422 |
Lancaster |
|
|
| Henry VI |
England |
King |
1422 |
1461 |
Lancaster |
|
|
| Edward IV |
England |
King |
1461 |
1470 |
House of York |
|
|
| Henry VI |
England |
King |
1470 |
1471 |
Lancaster |
|
|
| Edward IV |
England |
King |
1471 |
1483 |
York |
|
|
| Edward V |
England |
King |
1483 |
1483 |
York |
|
|
| Richard III |
England |
King |
1483 |
1485 |
House of York |
|
|
| Henry VII |
England |
King |
1485 |
1509 |
Tudor |
|
|
| Henry VIII |
England |
King |
1509 |
1547 |
Tudor |
|
|
| Edward VI |
England |
King |
1547 |
1553 |
Tudor |
|
|
| Mary I |
England |
King |
1553 |
1558 |
Tudor |
|
|
| Elizabeth I |
England |
King |
1558 |
1603 |
Tudor |
|
|
| James I |
England |
King |
1603 |
1625 |
House of Stuart |
|
|
| Charles I |
England |
King |
1625 |
1649 |
Stuart |
|
|
| (Monarchy abolished) |
England |
King |
1649 |
1660 |
|
|
|
| Charles II |
England |
King |
1660 |
1685 |
Stuart |
|
|
| James II |
England |
King |
1685 |
1688 |
Stuart |
|
|
| William III |
England |
King |
1689 |
1702 |
House of Orange-Nassau |
|
|
| Mary II |
England |
King |
1689 |
1694 |
Stuart |
|
|
| Anne |
England |
King |
1702 |
1707 |
Stuart |
|
|
| Anne |
Great Britain |
King |
1707 |
1714 |
House of Stuart |
|
|
| George I |
Great Britain |
King |
1714 |
1727 |
House of Hanover |
|
|
| George II |
Great Britain |
King |
1727 |
1760 |
Hanover |
|
|
| George III |
Great Britain |
King |
1760 |
1801 |
Hanover |
|
|
| George III |
United Kingdom |
King |
1801 |
1820 |
House of Hanover |
|
|
| George IV |
United Kingdom |
King |
1820 |
1830 |
Hanover |
|
|
| William IV |
United Kingdom |
King |
1830 |
1837 |
Hanover |
|
|
| Victoria |
United Kingdom |
King |
1837 |
1901 |
House of Hanover |
|
|
| Edward VII |
United Kingdom |
King |
1901 |
1910 |
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
|
|
| George V |
United Kingdom |
King |
1910 |
1936 |
House of Windsor |
|
|
| Edward VIII |
United Kingdom |
King |
1936 |
1936 |
Windsor |
|
|
| George VI |
United Kingdom |
King |
1936 |
1952 |
Windsor |
|
|
| Elizabeth II |
United Kingdom |
King |
1952 |
2022 |
Windsor |
|
|
| Charles III |
United Kingdom |
King |
2022 |
Present |
Windsor |
|
|
| Louis I |
Holland |
King |
5 June 1806 |
1 July 1810 |
House of Bonaparte |
|
|
| Louis II |
Holland |
King |
1 July 1810 |
13 July 1810 |
House of Bonaparte |
|
|
| William I |
Netherlands |
King |
1815-03-16 |
1840-10-07 |
House of Orange-Nassau |
|
|
| William II |
Netherlands |
King |
1840-10-07 |
1849-03-17 |
House of Orange-Nassau |
|
|
| William III |
Netherlands |
King |
1849-03-17 |
1890-11-23 |
House of Orange-Nassau |
|
|
| Wilhelmina |
Netherlands |
King |
1890-11-23 |
1948-09-04 |
House of Orange-Nassau |
|
|
| Juliana |
Netherlands |
King |
1948-09-04 |
1980-04-30 |
House of Orange-Nassau |
|
|
| Beatrix |
Netherlands |
King |
1980-04-30 |
2013-04-30 |
House of Orange-Nassau |
|
|
| Willem-Alexander |
Netherlands |
King |
2013-04-30 |
Present |
House of Orange-Nassau |
|
|
| Harald I Fairhair |
Norway |
King |
872 |
930 |
— |
— |
— |
| Eric I Bloodaxe |
Norway |
King |
930 |
934 |
— |
— |
— |
| Haakon I the Good |
Norway |
King |
934 |
961 |
— |
— |
— |
| Harald II Greycloak |
Norway |
King |
961 |
970 |
— |
— |
— |
| Haakon Sigurdsson (Jarl) |
Norway |
De facto ruler (Jarl) |
970 |
995 |
— |
— |
— |
| Olaf I Tryggvason |
Norway |
King |
995 |
1000 |
— |
— |
— |
| Sweyn Forkbeard |
Norway |
King |
1000 |
1014 |
— |
— |
— |
| Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf) |
Norway |
King |
1015 |
1028 |
— |
— |
— |
| Cnut the Great |
Norway |
King |
1028 |
1035 |
— |
— |
— |
| Magnus I the Good |
Norway |
King |
1035 |
1047 |
— |
— |
— |
| Harald III Hardrada |
Norway |
King |
1046 |
1066 |
— |
— |
— |
| Olaf III Kyrre |
Norway |
King |
1067 |
1093 |
— |
— |
— |
| Magnus III Barefoot |
Norway |
King |
1093 |
1103 |
— |
— |
— |
| Sigurd I |
Norway |
King |
1103 |
1130 |
— |
— |
— |
| Magnus IV & Harald IV (co-rule) |
Norway |
Kings |
1130 |
1135 |
— |
— |
— |
| Haakon IV Haakonsson |
Norway |
King |
1217 |
1263 |
— |
— |
— |
| Magnus VI |
Norway |
King |
1263 |
1280 |
— |
— |
— |
| Haakon V |
Norway |
King |
1299 |
1319 |
— |
— |
— |
| Olaf IV |
Norway |
King |
1380 |
1387 |
— |
— |
— |
| Margaret I |
Norway |
Queen |
1387 |
1412 |
— |
— |
— |
| Christian I |
Norway |
King |
1450 |
1481 |
— |
— |
— |
| Christian II |
Norway |
King |
1513 |
1523 |
— |
— |
— |
| Frederick I |
Norway |
King |
1524 |
1533 |
— |
— |
— |
| Christian III |
Norway |
King |
1534 |
1559 |
— |
— |
— |
| Frederick II |
Norway |
King |
1559 |
1588 |
— |
— |
— |
| Christian IV |
Norway |
King |
1588 |
1648 |
— |
— |
— |
| Frederick III |
Norway |
King |
1648 |
1670 |
— |
— |
— |
| Christian V |
Norway |
King |
1670 |
1699 |
— |
— |
— |
| Frederick IV |
Norway |
King |
1699 |
1730 |
— |
— |
— |
| Christian VI |
Norway |
King |
1730 |
1746 |
— |
— |
— |
| Frederick V |
Norway |
King |
1746 |
1766 |
— |
— |
— |
| Christian VII |
Norway |
King |
1766 |
1808 |
— |
— |
— |
| Frederick VI |
Norway |
King |
1808 |
1814 |
— |
— |
— |
| Christian Frederick |
Norway |
King |
17/05/1814 |
10/10/1814 |
— |
— |
— |
| Charles XIII (Karl II) |
Norway |
King |
04/11/1814 |
1818 |
— |
— |
— |
| Charles XIV John |
Norway |
King |
1818 |
1844 |
— |
— |
— |
| Oscar I |
Norway |
King |
1844 |
1859 |
— |
— |
— |
| Charles XV |
Norway |
King |
1859 |
1872 |
— |
— |
— |
| Oscar II |
Norway |
King |
1872 |
07/06/1905 |
— |
— |
— |
| Haakon VII |
Norway |
King |
18/11/1905 |
21/09/1957 |
— |
— |
— |
| Olav V |
Norway |
King |
21/09/1957 |
17/01/1991 |
— |
— |
— |
| Harald V |
Norway |
King |
17/01/1991 |
Present |
— |
— |
— |
| François Grimaldi |
Monaco |
Lord of Monaco |
1297-01-08 |
1301-01-01 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Charles I of Monaco |
Monaco |
Lord of Monaco |
1331-01-01 |
1357-01-01 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Rainier I of Monaco |
Monaco |
Lord of Monaco |
1357-01-01 |
1407-01-01 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Jean I of Monaco |
Monaco |
Lord of Monaco |
1419-01-01 |
1454-01-01 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Lucien of Monaco |
Monaco |
Lord of Monaco |
1505-01-01 |
1523-08-22 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Honoré I of Monaco |
Monaco |
Lord of Monaco |
1523-08-22 |
1581-01-01 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Charles II of Monaco |
Monaco |
Lord of Monaco |
1581-01-01 |
1589-01-01 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Hercule of Monaco |
Monaco |
Lord of Monaco |
1589-01-01 |
1604-01-01 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Honoré II of Monaco |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
1604-01-01 |
1662-01-10 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Louis I of Monaco |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
1662-01-10 |
1701-01-03 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Antoine I of Monaco |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
1701-01-03 |
1731-02-20 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Louise Hippolyte of Monaco |
Monaco |
Princess of Monaco |
1731-02-20 |
1731-12-29 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Jacques I of Monaco |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
1731-12-29 |
1733-11-07 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Honoré III of Monaco |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
1733-11-07 |
1793-01-01 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| French annexation |
Monaco |
— |
1793-01-01 |
1814-04-06 |
— |
— |
— |
| Honoré IV of Monaco |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
1814-04-06 |
1819-02-16 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Honoré V of Monaco |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
1819-02-16 |
1841-10-02 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Florestan I of Monaco |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
1841-10-02 |
1856-06-20 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Charles III of Monaco |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
1856-06-20 |
1889-09-10 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Albert I of Monaco |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
1889-09-10 |
1922-06-26 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Louis II of Monaco |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
1922-06-26 |
1949-05-09 |
House of Grimaldi |
— |
— |
| Rainier III |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
1949-05-09 |
2005-04-06 |
House of Grimaldi |
National Council |
— |
| Albert II of Monaco |
Monaco |
Prince of Monaco |
2005-04-06 |
Present |
House of Grimaldi |
National Council |
— |
| Manuel Blanco Encalada |
Chile |
President |
09/07/1826 |
09/09/1826 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Agustín Eyzaguirre |
Chile |
Acting President |
09/09/1826 |
25/01/1827 |
Conservative |
National Congress |
— |
| Ramón Freire |
Chile |
President |
25/01/1827 |
05/05/1827 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Francisco Antonio Pinto |
Chile |
President |
08/05/1827 |
02/11/1829 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| José Tomás Ovalle |
Chile |
Vice President (acting) |
1830-03-31 |
1831-03-08 |
Conservative |
National Congress |
— |
| Fernando Errázuriz |
Chile |
Acting President |
1831-03-08 |
1831-09-18 |
Conservative |
National Congress |
— |
| José Joaquín Prieto |
Chile |
President |
1831-09-18 |
1841-09-18 |
Conservative |
National Congress |
— |
| Manuel Bulnes |
Chile |
President |
1841-09-18 |
1851-09-18 |
Conservative |
National Congress |
— |
| Manuel Montt |
Chile |
President |
1851-09-18 |
1861-09-18 |
National |
National Congress |
— |
| José Joaquín Pérez |
Chile |
President |
1861-09-18 |
1871-09-18 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Federico Errázuriz Zañartu |
Chile |
President |
1871-09-18 |
1876-07-20 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Aníbal Pinto |
Chile |
President |
1876-09-18 |
1881-09-18 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Domingo Santa María |
Chile |
President |
1881-09-18 |
1886-09-18 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| José Manuel Balmaceda |
Chile |
President |
1886-09-18 |
1891-08-29 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Jorge Montt |
Chile |
President |
1891-12-26 |
1896-09-18 |
Independent |
National Congress |
— |
| Federico Errázuriz Echaurren |
Chile |
President |
1896-09-18 |
1901-07-12 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Germán Riesco |
Chile |
President |
1901-09-18 |
1906-09-18 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Pedro Montt |
Chile |
President |
1906-09-18 |
1910-08-16 |
National |
National Congress |
— |
| Elías Fernández Albano |
Chile |
Acting President |
1910-08-16 |
1910-09-06 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Emiliano Figueroa |
Chile |
Acting President |
1910-09-06 |
1910-12-23 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Ramón Barros Luco |
Chile |
President |
1910-12-23 |
1915-12-23 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Juan Luis Sanfuentes |
Chile |
President |
1915-12-23 |
1920-12-23 |
Conservative |
National Congress |
— |
| Arturo Alessandri |
Chile |
President |
1920-12-23 |
1925-01-27 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Emiliano Figueroa |
Chile |
President |
1925-12-23 |
1927-05-07 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Carlos Ibáñez del Campo |
Chile |
President |
1927-07-21 |
1931-07-26 |
Independent |
National Congress |
— |
| Juan Esteban Montero |
Chile |
President |
1931-11-15 |
1932-06-04 |
Radical |
National Congress |
— |
| Arturo Alessandri |
Chile |
President |
1932-12-24 |
1938-12-24 |
Liberal |
National Congress |
— |
| Pedro Aguirre Cerda |
Chile |
President |
1938-12-24 |
1941-11-25 |
Radical |
National Congress |
— |
| Juan Antonio Ríos |
Chile |
President |
1942-04-02 |
1946-01-27 |
Radical |
National Congress |
— |
| Gabriel González Videla |
Chile |
President |
1946-11-03 |
1952-11-03 |
Radical |
National Congress |
— |
| Carlos Ibáñez del Campo |
Chile |
President |
1952-11-03 |
1958-11-03 |
Independent |
National Congress |
— |
| Jorge Alessandri |
Chile |
President |
1958-11-03 |
1964-11-03 |
Independent |
National Congress |
— |
| Eduardo Frei Montalva |
Chile |
President |
1964-11-03 |
1970-11-03 |
Christian Democrat |
National Congress |
— |
| Salvador Allende |
Chile |
President |
1970-11-03 |
1973-09-11 |
Socialist |
National Congress |
— |
| Augusto Pinochet |
Chile |
President |
1974-12-17 |
1990-03-11 |
Military / Independent |
Junta / Legislature |
— |
| Patricio Aylwin |
Chile |
President |
1990-03-11 |
1994-03-11 |
Christian Democrat |
National Congress |
— |
| Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle |
Chile |
President |
1994-03-11 |
2000-03-11 |
Christian Democrat |
National Congress |
— |
| Ricardo Lagos |
Chile |
President |
2000-03-11 |
2006-03-11 |
Socialist |
National Congress |
— |
| Michelle Bachelet |
Chile |
President |
2006-03-11 |
11/03/2010 |
Socialist |
National Congress |
— |
| Sebastián Piñera |
Chile |
President |
11/03/2010 |
11/03/2014 |
National Renewal |
National Congress |
— |
| Michelle Bachelet |
Chile |
President |
11/03/2014 |
11/03/2018 |
Socialist |
National Congress |
— |
| Sebastián Piñera |
Chile |
President |
11/03/2018 |
2022-03-11 |
National Renewal |
National Congress |
— |
| Gabriel Boric |
Chile |
President |
2022-03-11 |
Present |
Social Convergence |
National Congress |
— |
| Jomo Kenyatta |
Kenya |
President |
1964-12-12 |
1978-08-22 |
Kenya African National Union (KANU) |
National Assembly |
Jaramogi Oginga Odinga; Joseph Murumbi; Daniel arap Moi |
| Daniel arap Moi |
Kenya |
President |
1978-08-22 |
2002-12-30 |
Kenya African National Union (KANU) |
National Assembly |
Mwai Kibaki; Josephat Karanja; George Saitoti; Musalia Mudavadi |
| Mwai Kibaki |
Kenya |
President |
2002-12-30 |
2013-04-09 |
National Rainbow Coalition / Party of National Unity |
National Assembly / Parliament |
Michael Wamalwa Kijana; Moody Awori; Kalonzo Musyoka |
| Uhuru Kenyatta |
Kenya |
President |
2013-04-09 |
2022-09-13 |
The National Alliance / Jubilee Party |
Parliament |
William Ruto |
| William Ruto |
Kenya |
President |
2022-09-13 |
Present |
United Democratic Alliance |
Parliament |
Rigathi Gachagua |
| Syngman Rhee |
South Korea |
President |
1948-07-24 |
1960-04-26 |
Liberal Party |
National Assembly |
Yi Si-yeong; Ham Tae-young; Chang Myon |
| Yun Bo-seon |
South Korea |
President |
1960-08-13 |
1962-03-22 |
Democratic Party |
National Assembly |
Chang Myon |
| Park Chung-hee |
South Korea |
President |
1963-12-17 |
1979-10-26 |
Democratic Republican Party |
National Assembly |
Various (no fixed vice presidency after 1963) |
| Choi Kyu-hah |
South Korea |
President |
1979-12-06 |
1980-08-16 |
Independent |
National Assembly |
— |
| Chun Doo-hwan |
South Korea |
President |
1980-09-01 |
1988-02-25 |
Democratic Justice Party |
National Assembly |
— |
| Roh Tae-woo |
South Korea |
President |
1988-02-25 |
1993-02-25 |
Democratic Justice Party |
National Assembly |
— |
| Kim Young-sam |
South Korea |
President |
1993-02-25 |
1998-02-25 |
Democratic Liberal Party |
National Assembly |
— |
| Kim Dae-jung |
South Korea |
President |
1998-02-25 |
2003-02-25 |
National Congress for New Politics |
National Assembly |
— |
| Roh Moo-hyun |
South Korea |
President |
2003-02-25 |
2008-02-25 |
Uri Party |
National Assembly |
— |
| Lee Myung-bak |
South Korea |
President |
2008-02-25 |
2013-02-25 |
Grand National Party |
National Assembly |
— |
| Park Geun-hye |
South Korea |
President |
2013-02-25 |
2017-03-10 |
Saenuri Party |
National Assembly |
— |
| Hwang Kyo-ahn |
South Korea |
Acting President |
2017-03-10 |
2017-05-10 |
Independent |
National Assembly |
— |
| Moon Jae-in |
South Korea |
President |
2017-05-10 |
2022-05-10 |
Democratic Party |
National Assembly |
— |
| Yoon Suk Yeol |
South Korea |
President |
2022-05-10 |
Present |
People Power Party |
National Assembly |
— |
| Kim Il-sung |
North Korea |
Premier / President |
1948-09-09 |
1994-07-08 |
Workers’ Party of Korea |
Supreme People’s Assembly |
— |
| Kim Jong-il |
North Korea |
Supreme Leader / Chairman NDC |
1994-07-08 |
2011-12-17 |
Workers’ Party of Korea |
Supreme People’s Assembly |
— |
| Kim Jong-un |
North Korea |
Supreme Leader / President SAC |
2011-12-17 |
Present |
Workers’ Party of Korea |
Supreme People’s Assembly |
Choe Ryong-hae (SPA Presidium) |
| Victoria |
New Zealand |
Queen |
1840-02-06 |
1901-01-22 |
- |
- |
|
| Edward VII |
New Zealand |
King |
1901-01-22 |
1910-05-06 |
- |
- |
|
| George V |
New Zealand |
King |
1910-05-06 |
1936-01-20 |
- |
- |
|
| Edward VIII |
New Zealand |
King |
1936-01-20 |
1936-12-11 |
- |
- |
|
| George VI |
New Zealand |
King |
1936-12-11 |
1952-02-06 |
- |
- |
|
| Elizabeth II |
New Zealand |
Queen |
1952-02-06 |
2022-09-08 |
- |
- |
|
| Charles III |
New Zealand |
King |
2022-09-08 |
Present |
- |
- |
|
| Stephen I of Hungary |
Hungary |
King |
1000-12-25 |
1038-08-15 |
Árpád |
Royal court |
- |
| Andrew I of Hungary |
Hungary |
King |
1046-09-01 |
1060-12-06 |
Árpád |
Royal court |
- |
| Béla I of Hungary |
Hungary |
King |
1060-12-06 |
1063-09-11 |
Árpád |
Royal court |
- |
| Ladislaus I of Hungary |
Hungary |
King |
1077-01-01 |
1095-07-29 |
Árpád |
Royal court |
- |
| Coloman of Hungary |
Hungary |
King |
1095-01-01 |
1116-02-03 |
Árpád |
Royal court |
- |
| Béla III of Hungary |
Hungary |
King |
1172-03-01 |
1196-04-23 |
Árpád |
Royal court |
- |
| Andrew II of Hungary |
Hungary |
King |
1205-05-29 |
1235-09-21 |
Árpád |
Royal court |
- |
| Béla IV of Hungary |
Hungary |
King |
1235-09-21 |
1270-05-03 |
Árpád |
Royal court |
- |
| Charles I of Hungary |
Hungary |
King |
1308-11-27 |
1342-07-16 |
Anjou |
Royal court |
- |
| Louis I of Hungary |
Hungary |
King |
1342-07-16 |
1382-09-10 |
Anjou |
Royal court |
- |
| Sigismund of Luxembourg |
Hungary |
King |
1387-03-31 |
1437-12-09 |
Luxembourg |
Royal court |
- |
| Matthias Corvinus |
Hungary |
King |
1458-01-24 |
1490-04-06 |
Hunyadi |
Royal court |
- |
| Louis II of Hungary |
Hungary |
King |
1516-03-13 |
1526-08-29 |
Jagiellon |
Royal court |
- |
| Ferdinand I |
Hungary |
King |
1526-12-17 |
1564-07-25 |
Habsburg |
Royal court |
- |
| Leopold I |
Hungary |
King |
1657-07-18 |
1705-05-05 |
Habsburg |
Royal court |
- |
| Maria Theresa |
Hungary |
Queen |
1740-10-20 |
1780-11-29 |
Habsburg |
Royal court |
- |
| Francis Joseph I |
Hungary |
King |
1848-12-02 |
1916-11-21 |
Habsburg |
Royal court |
- |
| Charles IV of Hungary |
Hungary |
King |
1916-11-21 |
1918-11-13 |
Habsburg |
Royal court |
- |
| Mihály Károlyi |
Hungary |
President |
1918-11-16 |
1919-03-21 |
Independent |
National Council |
- |
| Sándor Garbai |
Hungary |
Chairman (Soviet Republic) |
1919-03-21 |
1919-08-01 |
Communist |
Revolutionary Council |
- |
| Miklós Horthy |
Hungary |
Regent |
1920-03-01 |
1944-10-15 |
Conservative |
National Assembly |
- |
| Ferenc Szálasi |
Hungary |
Leader (Arrow Cross) |
1944-10-15 |
1945-03-28 |
Fascist |
- |
- |
| Zoltán Tildy |
Hungary |
President |
1946-02-01 |
1948-08-03 |
Smallholders |
National Assembly |
- |
| Árpád Szakasits |
Hungary |
President |
1948-08-03 |
1949-08-20 |
Communist |
National Assembly |
- |
| Presidential Council |
Hungary |
Collective Head of State |
1949-08-20 |
1989-10-23 |
Communist |
National Assembly |
- |
| Mátyás Szűrös |
Hungary |
Acting President |
1989-10-23 |
1990-05-02 |
Independent |
National Assembly |
- |
| Árpád Göncz |
Hungary |
President |
1990-05-02 |
2000-08-04 |
Liberal |
National Assembly |
- |
| Ferenc Mádl |
Hungary |
President |
2000-08-04 |
2005-08-05 |
Independent |
National Assembly |
- |
| László Sólyom |
Hungary |
President |
2005-08-05 |
2010-08-06 |
Independent |
National Assembly |
- |
| Pál Schmitt |
Hungary |
President |
2010-08-06 |
2012-04-02 |
Fidesz |
National Assembly |
- |
| János Áder |
Hungary |
President |
2012-05-10 |
2022-05-10 |
Fidesz |
National Assembly |
- |
| Katalin Novák |
Hungary |
President |
2022-05-10 |
2024-02-26 |
Fidesz |
National Assembly |
- |
| Tamás Sulyok |
Hungary |
President |
2024-03-05 |
Present |
Fidesz |
National Assembly |
- |
| Manuel Blanco Encalada |
Chile |
President |
1826-07-09 |
1826-09-09 |
Independent |
1st |
Agustín Eyzaguirre |
| Agustín Eyzaguirre |
Chile |
Vice President in Charge |
1826-09-09 |
1827-01-25 |
Independent |
1st |
None |
| Ramón Freire |
Chile |
President |
1827-01-25 |
1827-05-08 |
Liberal |
2nd |
Francisco Antonio Pinto |
| Francisco Antonio Pinto |
Chile |
President |
1827-05-08 |
1829-11-02 |
Liberal |
2nd |
Joaquín Vicuña |
| José Tomás Ovalle |
Chile |
Provisional President |
1830-04-01 |
1831-03-21 |
Conservative |
3rd |
None |
| José Joaquín Prieto |
Chile |
President |
1831-09-18 |
1841-09-18 |
Conservative |
4th |
Diego Portales |
| Manuel Bulnes |
Chile |
President |
1841-09-18 |
1851-09-18 |
Conservative |
6th |
None |
| Manuel Montt |
Chile |
President |
1851-09-18 |
1861-09-18 |
Conservative |
8th |
None |
| José Joaquín Pérez |
Chile |
President |
1861-09-18 |
1871-09-18 |
Liberal-Conservative |
10th |
None |
| Federico Errázuriz Zañartu |
Chile |
President |
1871-09-18 |
1876-09-18 |
Liberal |
12th |
None |
| Aníbal Pinto |
Chile |
President |
1876-09-18 |
1881-09-18 |
Liberal |
13th |
None |
| Domingo Santa María |
Chile |
President |
1881-09-18 |
1886-09-18 |
Liberal |
15th |
None |
| José Manuel Balmaceda |
Chile |
President |
1886-09-18 |
1891-08-29 |
Liberal |
17th |
None |
| Jorge Montt |
Chile |
President |
1891-12-26 |
1896-09-18 |
Independent |
19th |
None |
| Federico Errázuriz Echaurren |
Chile |
President |
1896-09-18 |
1901-07-12 |
Liberal-Conservative |
20th |
None |
| Germán Riesco |
Chile |
President |
1901-09-18 |
1906-09-18 |
Liberal |
22nd |
None |
| Pedro Montt |
Chile |
President |
1906-09-18 |
1910-08-16 |
National |
24th |
None |
| Ramón Barros Luco |
Chile |
President |
1910-12-23 |
1915-12-23 |
Liberal |
26th |
None |
| Juan Luis Sanfuentes |
Chile |
President |
1915-12-23 |
1920-12-23 |
Liberal-Democratic |
28th |
None |
| Arturo Alessandri |
Chile |
President |
1920-12-23 |
1924-09-12 |
Liberal |
30th |
None |
| Emiliano Figueroa |
Chile |
President |
1925-12-23 |
1927-05-10 |
Liberal-Democratic |
32nd |
None |
| Carlos Ibáñez del Campo |
Chile |
President |
1927-07-21 |
1931-07-26 |
Independent |
33rd |
None |
| Juan Esteban Montero |
Chile |
President |
1931-11-15 |
1932-06-04 |
Radical |
35th |
None |
| Arturo Alessandri |
Chile |
President |
1932-12-24 |
1938-12-24 |
Liberal |
36th |
None |
| Pedro Aguirre Cerda |
Chile |
President |
1938-12-24 |
1941-11-25 |
Radical |
38th |
None |
| Juan Antonio Ríos |
Chile |
President |
1942-04-02 |
1946-06-27 |
Radical |
39th |
None |
| Gabriel González Videla |
Chile |
President |
1946-11-03 |
1952-11-03 |
Radical |
41st |
None |
| Carlos Ibáñez del Campo |
Chile |
President |
1952-11-03 |
1958-11-03 |
Independent |
43rd |
None |
| Jorge Alessandri |
Chile |
President |
1958-11-03 |
1964-11-03 |
Independent |
45th |
None |
| Eduardo Frei Montalva |
Chile |
President |
1964-11-03 |
1970-11-03 |
Christian Democratic |
47th |
None |
| Salvador Allende |
Chile |
President |
1970-11-03 |
1973-09-11 |
Socialist |
48th |
None |
| Patricio Aylwin |
Chile |
President |
1990-03-11 |
1994-03-11 |
Christian Democratic |
49th |
None |
| Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle |
Chile |
President |
1994-03-11 |
2000-03-11 |
Christian Democratic |
50th |
None |
| Ricardo Lagos |
Chile |
President |
2000-03-11 |
2006-03-11 |
PPD |
51st |
None |
| Michelle Bachelet |
Chile |
President |
2006-03-11 |
2010-03-11 |
Socialist |
52nd |
None |
| Sebastián Piñera |
Chile |
President |
2010-03-11 |
2014-03-11 |
National Renewal |
53rd |
None |
| Michelle Bachelet |
Chile |
President |
2014-03-11 |
2018-03-11 |
Socialist |
54th |
None |
| Sebastián Piñera |
Chile |
President |
2018-03-11 |
2022-03-11 |
National Renewal |
55th |
None |
| Gabriel Boric |
Chile |
President |
2022-03-11 |
2026-03-11 |
Social Convergence |
56th |
None |
| José Antonio Kast |
Chile |
President |
2026-03-11 |
Incumbent |
Republican |
57th |
None |
| Vladimir Lenin |
Soviet Russia |
Chairman of Sovnarkom |
1917-11-08 |
1924-01-21 |
Communist Party |
All-Russian Congress of Soviets |
— |
| Mikhail Kalinin |
USSR |
Chairman of Central Executive Committee |
1922-12-30 |
1938-01-12 |
Communist Party |
Congress of Soviets |
— |
| Mikhail Kalinin |
USSR |
Chairman of Presidium (Supreme Soviet) |
1938-01-12 |
1946-03-19 |
Communist Party |
Supreme Soviet |
— |
| Nikolai Shvernik |
USSR |
Chairman of Presidium |
1946-03-19 |
1953-03-15 |
Communist Party |
Supreme Soviet |
— |
| Kliment Voroshilov |
USSR |
Chairman of Presidium |
1953-03-15 |
1960-05-07 |
Communist Party |
Supreme Soviet |
— |
| Leonid Brezhnev |
USSR |
Chairman of Presidium |
1960-05-07 |
1964-07-15 |
Communist Party |
Supreme Soviet |
— |
| Anastas Mikoyan |
USSR |
Chairman of Presidium |
1964-07-15 |
1965-12-09 |
Communist Party |
Supreme Soviet |
— |
| Nikolai Podgorny |
USSR |
Chairman of Presidium |
1965-12-09 |
1977-06-16 |
Communist Party |
Supreme Soviet |
— |
| Leonid Brezhnev |
USSR |
Chairman of Presidium |
1977-06-16 |
1982-11-10 |
Communist Party |
Supreme Soviet |
— |
| Yuri Andropov |
USSR |
Chairman of Presidium |
1983-06-16 |
1984-02-09 |
Communist Party |
Supreme Soviet |
— |
| Konstantin Chernenko |
USSR |
Chairman of Presidium |
1984-04-11 |
1985-03-10 |
Communist Party |
Supreme Soviet |
— |
| Andrei Gromyko |
USSR |
Chairman of Presidium |
1985-07-02 |
1988-10-01 |
Communist Party |
Supreme Soviet |
— |
| Mikhail Gorbachev |
USSR |
Chairman of Presidium |
1988-10-01 |
1989-05-25 |
Communist Party |
Supreme Soviet |
— |
| Mikhail Gorbachev |
USSR |
President |
1990-03-15 |
1991-12-25 |
Communist Party |
Congress of People's Deputies |
Gennady Yanayev |
| Boris Yeltsin |
Russia |
President |
1991-07-10 |
1999-12-31 |
Independent |
Federal Assembly |
Alexander Rutskoy |
| Vladimir Putin |
Russia |
Acting President |
1999-12-31 |
2000-05-07 |
Independent |
Federal Assembly |
— |
| Vladimir Putin |
Russia |
President |
2000-05-07 |
2008-05-07 |
United Russia |
Federal Assembly |
— |
| Dmitry Medvedev |
Russia |
President |
2008-05-07 |
2012-05-07 |
United Russia |
Federal Assembly |
— |
| Vladimir Putin |
Russia |
President |
2012-05-07 |
Present |
United Russia |
Federal Assembly |
— |
| Antanas Smetona |
Lithuania |
President |
1919-04-04 |
1920-06-19 |
Nationalist |
Council of Lithuania |
— |
| Aleksandras Stulginskis |
Lithuania |
President |
1920-06-19 |
1926-06-07 |
Christian Democrat |
Seimas |
— |
| Kazys Grinius |
Lithuania |
President |
1926-06-07 |
1926-12-17 |
Peasant Popular Union |
Seimas |
— |
| Antanas Smetona |
Lithuania |
President |
1926-12-17 |
1940-06-15 |
Nationalist |
Seimas |
— |
| Vytautas Landsbergis |
Lithuania |
Chairman (Head of State) |
1990-03-11 |
1992-11-25 |
Sąjūdis |
Supreme Council |
— |
| Algirdas Brazauskas |
Lithuania |
President |
1993-02-25 |
1998-02-25 |
Democratic Labour |
Seimas |
— |
| Valdas Adamkus |
Lithuania |
President |
1998-02-26 |
2003-02-26 |
Independent |
Seimas |
— |
| Rolandas Paksas |
Lithuania |
President |
2003-02-26 |
2004-04-06 |
Liberal Democrat |
Seimas |
— |
| Artūras Paulauskas |
Lithuania |
Acting President |
2004-04-06 |
2004-07-12 |
New Union |
Seimas |
— |
| Valdas Adamkus |
Lithuania |
President |
2004-07-12 |
2009-07-12 |
Independent |
Seimas |
— |
| Dalia Grybauskaitė |
Lithuania |
President |
2009-07-12 |
2019-07-12 |
Independent |
Seimas |
— |
| Gitanas Nausėda |
Lithuania |
President |
2019-07-12 |
Present |
Independent |
Seimas |
— |
| Konstantin Päts |
Estonia |
Prime Minister (Head of State) |
1918-02-24 |
1919-05-09 |
Agrarian |
Estonian Provisional Government |
— |
| Konstantin Päts |
Estonia |
State Elder |
1920-01-25 |
1934-10-24 |
Agrarian |
Riigikogu |
— |
| Konstantin Päts |
Estonia |
President |
1938-04-24 |
1940-06-21 |
Patriotic League |
Riigikogu |
— |
| Arnold Rüütel |
Estonia |
Chairman (Acting Head of State) |
1990-03-29 |
1992-10-06 |
Independent |
Supreme Council |
— |
| Lennart Meri |
Estonia |
President |
1992-10-06 |
2001-10-08 |
Pro Patria |
Riigikogu |
— |
| Arnold Rüütel |
Estonia |
President |
2001-10-08 |
2006-10-09 |
Independent |
Riigikogu |
— |
| Toomas Hendrik Ilves |
Estonia |
President |
2006-10-09 |
2016-10-10 |
Social Democratic |
Riigikogu |
— |
| Kersti Kaljulaid |
Estonia |
President |
2016-10-10 |
2021-10-11 |
Independent |
Riigikogu |
— |
| Alar Karis |
Estonia |
President |
2021-10-11 |
Present |
Independent |
Riigikogu |
— |
| Jānis Čakste |
Latvia |
President |
1922-11-14 |
1927-03-14 |
Democratic Centre |
Saeima |
— |
| Gustavs Zemgals |
Latvia |
President |
1927-04-08 |
1930-04-09 |
Democratic Centre |
Saeima |
— |
| Alberts Kviesis |
Latvia |
President |
1930-04-09 |
1936-04-11 |
Farmers' Union |
Saeima |
— |
| Kārlis Ulmanis |
Latvia |
Prime Minister / Acting Head of State |
1936-04-11 |
1940-06-17 |
Farmers' Union |
Saeima (suspended) |
— |
| Soviet annexation |
Latvia |
— |
1940-06-17 |
1990-05-04 |
Communist |
Supreme Soviet |
— |
| Anatolijs Gorbunovs |
Latvia |
Chairman (Head of State) |
1990-05-04 |
1993-07-07 |
Independent |
Supreme Council |
— |
| Guntis Ulmanis |
Latvia |
President |
1993-07-08 |
1999-07-08 |
Latvian Farmers' Union |
Saeima |
— |
| Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga |
Latvia |
President |
1999-07-08 |
2007-07-08 |
Independent |
Saeima |
— |
| Valdis Zatlers |
Latvia |
President |
2007-07-08 |
2011-07-08 |
Independent |
Saeima |
— |
| Andris Bērziņš |
Latvia |
President |
2011-07-08 |
2015-07-08 |
Independent |
Saeima |
— |
| Raimonds Vējonis |
Latvia |
President |
2015-07-08 |
2019-07-08 |
Greens and Farmers |
Saeima |
— |
| Egils Levits |
Latvia |
President |
2019-07-08 |
2023-07-08 |
Independent |
Saeima |
— |
| Edgars Rinkēvičs |
Latvia |
President |
2023-07-08 |
Present |
New Unity |
Saeima |
— |
| Alexander I of Bulgaria |
Bulgaria |
Prince |
1879-04-29 |
1886-09-07 |
— |
National Assembly |
— |
| Ferdinand I of Bulgaria |
Bulgaria |
Prince / Tsar |
1887-07-07 |
1918-10-03 |
— |
National Assembly |
— |
| Boris III of Bulgaria |
Bulgaria |
Tsar |
1918-10-03 |
1943-08-28 |
— |
National Assembly |
— |
| Simeon II of Bulgaria |
Bulgaria |
Tsar |
1943-08-28 |
1946-09-15 |
— |
National Assembly |
Regency Council |
| Regency Council |
Bulgaria |
Collective Head of State |
1943-08-28 |
1946-09-15 |
— |
National Assembly |
— |
| Vasil Kolarov |
Bulgaria |
Chairman (Republic) |
1946-11-23 |
1950-01-23 |
Communist |
National Assembly |
— |
| Georgi Dimitrov |
Bulgaria |
Chairman (Republic) |
1950-01-23 |
1949-07-02 |
Communist |
National Assembly |
— |
| Valko Chervenkov |
Bulgaria |
Chairman |
1950-07-02 |
1954-03-02 |
Communist |
National Assembly |
— |
| Georgi Damyanov |
Bulgaria |
Chairman |
1954-03-02 |
1958-11-29 |
Communist |
National Assembly |
— |
| Dimitar Ganev |
Bulgaria |
Chairman |
1958-11-29 |
1964-07-20 |
Communist |
National Assembly |
— |
| Georgi Traykov |
Bulgaria |
Chairman |
1964-07-20 |
1971-07-07 |
Agrarian/Communist |
National Assembly |
— |
| State Council |
Bulgaria |
Collective Head of State |
1971-07-07 |
1990-04-03 |
Communist |
National Assembly |
— |
| Petar Mladenov |
Bulgaria |
President |
1990-04-03 |
1990-07-06 |
Communist |
National Assembly |
— |
| Zhelyu Zhelev |
Bulgaria |
President |
1990-08-01 |
1997-01-22 |
UDF |
National Assembly |
— |
| Petar Stoyanov |
Bulgaria |
President |
1997-01-22 |
2002-01-22 |
UDF |
National Assembly |
— |
| Georgi Parvanov |
Bulgaria |
President |
2002-01-22 |
2012-01-22 |
BSP |
National Assembly |
— |
| Rosen Plevneliev |
Bulgaria |
President |
2012-01-22 |
2017-01-22 |
GERB |
National Assembly |
— |
| Rumen Radev |
Bulgaria |
President |
2017-01-22 |
2026-01-23 |
Independent |
National Assembly |
Iliana Iotova |
| Ilijana Jotova |
Bulgaria |
President |
2026-01-23 |
Present |
BSP |
National Assembly |
- |
| Ioannis Kapodistrias |
Greece |
Governor |
1827-04-14 |
1831-10-09 |
Independent |
National Assembly |
— |
| Augustinos Kapodistrias |
Greece |
Governor |
1831-10-09 |
1832-04-06 |
Independent |
National Assembly |
— |
| Interregnum / Regency |
Greece |
Collective Head of State |
1832-04-06 |
1833-01-30 |
— |
— |
— |
| Otto of Greece |
Greece |
King |
1833-01-30 |
1862-10-23 |
Wittelsbach |
National Assembly |
— |
| George I of Greece |
Greece |
King |
1863-03-30 |
1913-03-18 |
Glücksburg |
Parliament |
— |
| Constantine I of Greece |
Greece |
King |
1913-03-18 |
1917-06-11 |
Glücksburg |
Parliament |
— |
| Alexander of Greece |
Greece |
King |
1917-06-11 |
1920-10-25 |
Glücksburg |
Parliament |
— |
| Constantine I of Greece |
Greece |
King |
1920-12-19 |
1922-09-27 |
Glücksburg |
Parliament |
— |
| George II of Greece |
Greece |
King |
1922-09-27 |
1924-03-25 |
Glücksburg |
Parliament |
— |
| Second Hellenic Republic |
Greece |
— |
1924-03-25 |
1935-11-03 |
— |
— |
— |
| George II of Greece |
Greece |
King |
1935-11-03 |
1947-04-01 |
Glücksburg |
Parliament |
— |
| Paul of Greece |
Greece |
King |
1947-04-01 |
1964-03-06 |
Glücksburg |
Parliament |
— |
| Constantine II of Greece |
Greece |
King |
1964-03-06 |
1973-06-01 |
Glücksburg |
Parliament |
— |
| Military Junta / Regency |
Greece |
— |
1967-04-21 |
1974-07-24 |
Military |
— |
— |
| Phaedon Gizikis |
Greece |
President (Junta) |
1973-06-01 |
1974-12-18 |
Military |
— |
— |
| Michail Stasinopoulos |
Greece |
President |
1974-12-18 |
1975-06-19 |
Independent |
Parliament |
— |
| Konstantinos Tsatsos |
Greece |
President |
1975-06-19 |
1980-05-15 |
New Democracy |
Parliament |
— |
| Konstantinos Karamanlis |
Greece |
President |
1980-05-15 |
1985-03-10 |
New Democracy |
Parliament |
— |
| Christos Sartzetakis |
Greece |
President |
1985-03-30 |
1990-05-05 |
PASOK |
Parliament |
— |
| Konstantinos Karamanlis |
Greece |
President |
1990-05-05 |
1995-03-10 |
New Democracy |
Parliament |
— |
| Kostas Stephanopoulos |
Greece |
President |
1995-03-10 |
2005-03-12 |
Independent |
Parliament |
— |
| Karolos Papoulias |
Greece |
President |
2005-03-12 |
2015-03-13 |
PASOK |
Parliament |
— |
| Prokopis Pavlopoulos |
Greece |
President |
2015-03-13 |
2020-03-13 |
New Democracy |
Parliament |
— |
| Katerina Sakellaropoulou |
Greece |
President |
2020-03-13 |
Present |
Independent |
Parliament |
— |
| Tomás de Herrera |
Free State of the Isthmus |
President |
1840-11-18 |
1841-12-31 |
Independent |
Constituent Isthmians Assembly |
Vacant |
| Manuel Amador Guerrero |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1904-02-20 |
1908-10-01 |
Conservative |
National Constituent Convention |
José Domingo de Obaldía |
| José Domingo de Obaldía |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1908-10-01 |
1910-03-01 |
Liberal |
National Assembly |
Carlos Antonio Mendoza |
| Belisario Porras Barahona |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1912-10-01 |
1916-10-01 |
Liberal |
National Assembly |
Rodolfo Chiari |
| Ramón Maximiliano Valdés |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1916-10-01 |
1918-06-03 |
Liberal |
National Assembly |
Ciro Luis Urriola |
| Belisario Porras Barahona |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1918-10-12 |
1920-01-30 |
Liberal |
National Assembly |
Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre |
| Belisario Porras Barahona |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1920-10-01 |
1924-10-01 |
Liberal |
National Assembly |
Rodolfo Chiari |
| Rodolfo Chiari |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1924-10-01 |
1928-10-01 |
Liberal |
National Assembly |
Tomás Gabriel Duque |
| Florencio H. Arosemena |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1928-10-01 |
1931-01-03 |
Liberal |
National Assembly |
Ricardo J. Alfaro |
| Harmodio Arias Madrid |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1932-06-05 |
1936-10-01 |
National Revolutionary |
National Assembly |
Vacant |
| Juan Demóstenes Arosemena |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1936-10-01 |
1939-12-16 |
Liberal |
National Assembly |
Augusto Samuel Boyd |
| Arnulfo Arias Madrid |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1940-10-01 |
1941-10-09 |
National Revolutionary |
National Assembly |
Vacant |
| Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1941-10-09 |
1945-06-15 |
Independent |
National Assembly |
Vacant |
| Enrique Adolfo Jiménez |
Republic of Panama |
Provisional President |
1945-06-15 |
1948-08-07 |
Liberal |
Constitutional Assembly |
Vacant |
| Domingo Díaz Arosemena |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1948-08-07 |
1949-07-28 |
Liberal |
National Assembly |
Daniel Chanis Pinzón |
| Arnulfo Arias Madrid |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1949-11-24 |
1951-05-09 |
Panameñista |
National Assembly |
Alcibíades Arosemena |
| José Antonio Remón Cantera |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1952-10-01 |
1955-01-02 |
National Patriotic Coalition |
National Assembly |
José Ramón Guizado |
| Ernesto de la Guardia |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1956-10-01 |
1960-10-01 |
National Patriotic Coalition |
National Assembly |
Jaime de la Guardia |
| Roberto F. Chiari Remón |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1960-10-01 |
1964-10-01 |
Liberal |
National Assembly |
Sergio González Ruiz |
| Marco Aurelio Robles |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1964-10-01 |
1968-10-01 |
Liberal |
National Assembly |
Max Delvalle |
| Arnulfo Arias Madrid |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1968-10-01 |
1968-10-11 |
Panameñista |
National Assembly |
Raúl Arango Navarro |
| Demetrio B. Lakas |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1969-12-19 |
1978-10-11 |
Independent |
National Assembly of Community Representatives |
Arturo Sucre Pereira |
| Arístides Royo |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1978-10-11 |
1982-07-31 |
Democratic Revolutionary (PRD) |
National Assembly |
Ricardo de la Espriella |
| Ricardo de la Espriella |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1982-07-31 |
1984-02-13 |
Democratic Revolutionary (PRD) |
National Assembly |
Jorge Illueca |
| Nicolás Ardito Barletta |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1984-10-11 |
1985-09-28 |
Democratic Revolutionary (PRD) |
National Assembly |
Eric Arturo Delvalle |
| Eric Arturo Delvalle |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1985-09-28 |
1888-02-26 |
Republican Party |
National Assembly |
Roderick Esquivel |
| Guillermo Endara |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1989-12-20 |
1994-09-01 |
Arnulfista Party |
National Assembly |
Ricardo Arias Calderón / Guillermo Ford |
| Ernesto Pérez Balladares |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1994-09-01 |
1999-09-01 |
Democratic Revolutionary (PRD) |
National Assembly |
Tomas Altamirano Duque |
| Mireya Moscoso |
Republic of Panama |
President |
1999-09-01 |
2004-09-01 |
Arnulfista Party |
National Assembly |
Arturo Vallarino / Kaiser Bazán |
| Martín Torrijos |
Republic of Panama |
President |
2004-09-01 |
2009-07-01 |
Democratic Revolutionary (PRD) |
National Assembly |
Samuel Lewis Navarro / Rubén Arosemena |
| Ricardo Martinelli |
Republic of Panama |
President |
2009-07-01 |
2014-07-01 |
Democratic Change |
National Assembly |
Juan Carlos Varela |
| Juan Carlos Varela |
Republic of Panama |
President |
2014-07-01 |
2019-07-01 |
Panameñista |
National Assembly |
Isabel Saint Malo |
| Laurentino Cortizo |
Republic of Panama |
President |
2019-07-01 |
2024-07-01 |
Democratic Revolutionary (PRD) |
National Assembly |
José Gabriel Carrizo |
| José Raúl Mulino |
Republic of Panama |
President |
2024-07-01 |
Incumbent |
Realizing Goals |
National Assembly |
Vacant |
| Aristides Pereira |
Republic of Cabo Verde |
President |
1975-07-08 |
1991-03-22 |
PAIGC / PAICV |
National People's Assembly |
Vacant |
| António Mascarenhas Monteiro |
Republic of Cabo Verde |
President |
1991-03-22 |
2001-03-22 |
Movement for Democracy (MpD) |
National Assembly |
Vacant |
| Pedro Pires |
Republic of Cabo Verde |
President |
2001-03-22 |
2011-09-09 |
African Party for the Independence of Cabo Verde (PAICV) |
National Assembly |
Vacant |
| Jorge Carlos Fonseca |
Republic of Cabo Verde |
President |
2011-09-09 |
2021-11-09 |
Movement for Democracy (MpD) |
National Assembly |
Vacant |
| José Maria Neves |
Republic of Cabo Verde |
President |
2021-11-09 |
Incumbent |
African Party for the Independence of Cabo Verde (PAICV) |
National Assembly |
Vacant |
| Frits Goedgedrag |
Curaçao |
Governor |
2010-10-10 |
2012-11-24 |
Independent |
Estates of Curaçao |
Adèle van der Pluijm-Vrede (Acting) |
| Lucille George-Wout |
Curaçao |
Governor |
2013-11-04 |
2025-11-04 |
Independent |
Estates of Curaçao |
N.C. Römer-Kenepa / M. Russel-Capriles (Acting) |
| Mauritsz de Kort |
Curaçao |
Governor |
2025-11-04 |
Incumbent |
Independent |
Estates of Curaçao |
Vacant |
| Archbishop Makarios III |
Republic of Cyprus |
President |
1960-08-16 |
1974-07-15 |
Independent |
House of Representatives |
Fazıl Küçük / Rauf Denktaş (De jure) |
| Nikos Sampson |
Republic of Cyprus |
Acting President (De facto) |
1974-07-15 |
1974-07-23 |
Progressive Front |
None (Military coup) |
Vacant |
| Glafcos Clerides |
Republic of Cyprus |
Acting President |
1974-07-23 |
1974-12-07 |
Eniaion |
House of Representatives |
Vacant |
| Archbishop Makarios III |
Republic of Cyprus |
President (Restored) |
1974-12-07 |
1977-08-03 |
Independent |
House of Representatives |
Vacant |
| Spyros Kyprianou |
Republic of Cyprus |
President |
1977-08-03 |
1888-02-28 |
Democratic Party (DIKO) |
House of Representatives |
Vacant |
| George Vassiliou |
Republic of Cyprus |
President |
1988-02-28 |
1993-02-28 |
Independent |
House of Representatives |
Vacant |
| Glafcos Clerides |
Republic of Cyprus |
President |
1993-02-28 |
2003-02-28 |
Democratic Rally (DISY) |
House of Representatives |
Vacant |
| Tassos Papadopoulos |
Republic of Cyprus |
President |
2003-02-28 |
2008-02-28 |
Democratic Party (DIKO) |
House of Representatives |
Vacant |
| Demetris Christofias |
Republic of Cyprus |
President |
2008-02-28 |
2013-02-28 |
Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL) |
House of Representatives |
Vacant |
| Nicos Anastasiades |
Republic of Cyprus |
President |
2013-02-28 |
2023-02-28 |
Democratic Rally (DISY) |
House of Representatives |
Vacant |
| Nikos Christodoulides |
Republic of Cyprus |
President |
2023-02-28 |
Incumbent |
Independent |
House of Representatives |
Vacant |
| Alexander I |
Grand Duchy of Finland |
Grand Duke |
1809-03-29 |
1825-12-01 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Diet of Porvoo |
Vacant |
| Nicholas I |
Grand Duchy of Finland |
Grand Duke |
1825-12-01 |
1855-03-02 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Diet of Finland |
Vacant |
| Alexander II |
Grand Duchy of Finland |
Grand Duke |
1855-03-02 |
1881-03-13 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Diet of Finland |
Vacant |
| Alexander III |
Grand Duchy of Finland |
Grand Duke |
1881-03-13 |
1894-11-01 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Diet of Finland |
Vacant |
| Nicholas II |
Grand Duchy of Finland |
Grand Duke |
1894-11-01 |
1917-03-15 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Diet of Finland / Parliament |
Vacant |
| Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg |
Republic of Finland |
President |
1919-07-26 |
1925-03-02 |
National Progressive Party |
Parliament of Finland |
Vacant |
| Lauri Kristian Relander |
Republic of Finland |
President |
1925-03-02 |
1931-03-02 |
Agrarian League |
Parliament of Finland |
Vacant |
| Pehr Evind Svinhufvud |
Republic of Finland |
President |
1931-03-02 |
1937-03-01 |
National Coalition Party |
Parliament of Finland |
Vacant |
| Kyösti Kallio |
Republic of Finland |
President |
1937-03-01 |
1940-12-19 |
Agrarian League |
Parliament of Finland |
Vacant |
| Risto Ryti |
Republic of Finland |
President |
1940-12-19 |
1944-08-04 |
National Progressive Party |
Parliament of Finland |
Vacant |
| Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim |
Republic of Finland |
President |
1944-08-04 |
1946-03-11 |
Independent |
Parliament of Finland |
Vacant |
| Juho Kusti Paasikivi |
Republic of Finland |
President |
1946-03-11 |
1956-03-01 |
National Coalition Party |
Parliament of Finland |
Vacant |
| Urho Kekkonen |
Republic of Finland |
President |
1956-03-01 |
1982-01-27 |
Agrarian League / Centre Party |
Parliament of Finland |
Vacant |
| Mauno Koivisto |
Republic of Finland |
President |
1982-01-27 |
1994-03-01 |
Social Democratic Party |
Parliament of Finland |
Vacant |
| Martti Ahtisaari |
Republic of Finland |
President |
1994-03-01 |
2000-03-01 |
Social Democratic Party |
Parliament of Finland |
Vacant |
| Tarja Halonen |
Republic of Finland |
President |
2000-03-01 |
2012-03-01 |
Social Democratic Party |
Parliament of Finland |
Vacant |
| Sauli Niinistö |
Republic of Finland |
President |
2012-03-01 |
2024-03-01 |
National Coalition Party |
Parliament of Finland |
Vacant |
| Alexander Stubb |
Republic of Finland |
President |
March 1 |
2024 |
Incumbent |
National Coalition Party / Independent |
Parliament of Finland |
| Adolphe |
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg |
Grand Duke |
1890-11-23 |
1905-11-17 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Chamber of Deputies |
Vacant |
| William IV |
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg |
Grand Duke |
1905-11-17 |
1912-02-25 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Chamber of Deputies |
Vacant |
| Marie-Adélaïde |
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg |
Grand Duchess |
1912-02-25 |
1919-01-14 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Chamber of Deputies |
Vacant |
| Charlotte |
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg |
Grand Duchess |
1919-01-14 |
1964-11-12 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Chamber of Deputies |
Vacant |
| Jean |
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg |
Grand Duke |
1964-11-12 |
2000-10-07 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Chamber of Deputies |
Vacant |
| Henri |
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg |
Grand Duke |
2000-10-07 |
2025-10-01 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Chamber of Deputies |
Vacant |
| Guillaume |
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg |
Grand Duke |
2025-10-01 |
Incumbent |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Chamber of Deputies |
Vacant |
| Christian I |
Kingdom of Denmark |
King |
1448-09-28 |
1481-05-21 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Rigsrådet |
Vacant |
| Hans (John) |
Kingdom of Denmark |
King |
1481-05-21 |
1513-02-20 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Rigsrådet |
Vacant |
| Christian II |
Kingdom of Denmark |
King |
1513-07-22 |
1523-01-20 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Rigsrådet |
Vacant |
| Frederick I |
Kingdom of Denmark |
King |
1523-04-13 |
1533-04-10 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Rigsrådet |
Vacant |
| Christian III |
Kingdom of Denmark |
King |
1534-07-04 |
1559-01-01 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Rigsrådet |
Vacant |
| Frederick II |
Kingdom of Denmark |
King |
1559-01-01 |
1588-04-04 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Rigsrådet |
Vacant |
| Christian IV |
Kingdom of Denmark |
King |
1588-04-04 |
1648-02-28 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Rigsrådet |
Vacant |
| Frederick III |
Kingdom of Denmark |
King |
1648-02-28 |
1670-02-09 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Rigsrådet / Stænderforsamlingen |
Vacant |
| Christian V |
Kingdom of Denmark |
King |
1670-02-09 |
1699-08-25 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Absolute Monarchy (No Assembly) |
Vacant |
| Frederick IV |
Kingdom of Denmark |
King |
1699-08-25 |
1730-10-12 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Absolute Monarchy (No Assembly) |
Vacant |
| Christian VI |
Kingdom of Denmark |
King |
1730-10-12 |
1746-08-06 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Absolute Monarchy (No Assembly) |
Vacant |
| Frederick V |
Kingdom of Denmark |
King |
1746-08-06 |
1766-01-14 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Absolute Monarchy (No Assembly) |
Vacant |
| Christian IX |
Denmark |
King |
1863-11-15 |
1906-01-29 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Rigsdagen |
Vacant |
| Frederick VIII |
Denmark |
King |
1906-01-29 |
1912-05-14 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Rigsdagen |
Vacant |
| Christian X |
Denmark |
King |
1912-05-14 |
1947-04-20 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Rigsdagen |
Vacant |
| Frederick IX |
Denmark |
King |
1947-04-20 |
1972-01-14 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Folketinget |
Vacant |
| Margrethe II |
Denmark |
Queen |
1972-01-14 |
2024-01-14 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Folketinget |
Vacant |
| Frederik X |
Denmark |
King |
2024-01-14 |
Incumbent |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Folketinget |
Vacant |
| Roberto Suazo Córdova |
Honduras |
President |
1982-01-27 |
1986-01-27 |
Liberal Party (PLH) |
Constituent/National Congress |
Marcelino Ponce Martínez; Cervando Bustillo; Benjamin Villanueva |
| José Azcona del Hoyo |
Honduras |
President |
1986-01-27 |
1990-01-27 |
Liberal Party (PLH) |
National Congress |
José Pineda Gómez; Jaime Rolando Rosenthal; Alfredo Fortín Inestroza |
| Rafael Leonardo Callejas |
Honduras |
President |
1990-01-27 |
1994-01-27 |
National Party (PNH) |
National Congress |
Jacobo Hernández Cruz; Celina de Villeda; Roberto Martínez Lozano |
| Carlos Roberto Reina |
Honduras |
President |
1994-01-27 |
1998-01-27 |
Liberal Party (PLH) |
National Congress |
Walter López Reyes; Guadalupe Jerezano Mejía; Juan de la Cruz Avelar |
| Carlos Roberto Flores |
Honduras |
President |
1998-01-27 |
2002-01-27 |
Liberal Party (PLH) |
National Congress |
Gladys Caballero de Arévalo; Marco Augusto Hernández; Héctor Vidal Cerrato |
| Ricardo Maduro |
Honduras |
President |
2002-01-27 |
2006-01-27 |
National Party (PNH) |
National Congress |
Vicente Williams Agasse; Armida Villela de López; Alberto Díaz Lobo |
| Manuel Zelaya |
Honduras |
President |
2006-01-27 |
2009-06-28 |
Liberal Party (PLH) |
National Congress |
Elvin Ernesto Santos (2006–08); Arístides Mejía (acting; 2009) |
| Roberto Micheletti |
Honduras |
President (Interim) |
2009-06-28 |
2010-01-27 |
Liberal Party (PLH) |
National Congress |
Vacant |
| Porfirio Lobo Sosa |
Honduras |
President |
2010-01-27 |
2014-01-27 |
National Party (PNH) |
National Congress |
María Antonieta de Bográn; Víctor Hugo Barnica; Samuel Armando Reyes |
| Juan Orlando Hernández |
Honduras |
President |
2014-01-27 |
2022-01-27 |
National Party (PNH) |
National Congress |
Ricardo Álvarez; Rossana Guevara; Lorena Herrera; Olga Alvarado; María Rivera |
| Xiomara Castro |
Honduras |
President |
2022-01-27 |
2026-01-27 |
Libre Party |
National Congress |
Salvador Nasralla (until 2024); Doris Gutiérrez; Renato Florentino |
| Nasry Asfura |
Honduras |
President |
2026-01-27 |
Incumbent |
National Party (PNH) |
National Congress |
Lissette del Cid; and others |
| Juan Lindo |
El Salvador |
Provisional President |
1841-01-07 |
1842-02-01 |
Conservative |
Constituent Assembly |
Pedro José Arce |
| Juan José Guzmán |
El Salvador |
President |
1842-04-12 |
1844-02-01 |
Conservative |
Legislative Assembly |
Pedro José Arce |
| Francisco Malespín |
El Salvador |
President |
1844-02-07 |
1845-02-15 |
Conservative |
Legislative Assembly |
Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán |
| Eugenio Aguilar |
El Salvador |
President |
1846-02-21 |
1848-02-01 |
Liberal |
Legislative Assembly |
Francisco Dueñas |
| Doroteo Vasconcelos |
El Salvador |
President |
1848-02-07 |
1851-03-01 |
Liberal |
Legislative Assembly |
José Félix Quirós |
| Francisco Dueñas |
El Salvador |
President |
1852-01-01 |
1854-02-01 |
Conservative |
Legislative Assembly |
José María San Martín |
| José María San Martín |
El Salvador |
President |
1854-02-15 |
1856-02-01 |
Conservative |
Legislative Assembly |
Mariano Hernández |
| Rafael Campo |
El Salvador |
President |
1856-02-12 |
1858-02-01 |
Conservative |
Legislative Assembly |
Francisco Dueñas |
| Gerardo Barrios |
El Salvador |
President |
1859-03-12 |
1863-10-26 |
Liberal |
Legislative Assembly |
José María Peralta |
| Francisco Dueñas |
El Salvador |
President |
1863-10-26 |
1871-04-12 |
Conservative |
Legislative Assembly |
Gregorio Arbizú |
| Santiago González |
El Salvador |
President |
1871-04-12 |
1876-02-01 |
Liberal |
Legislative Assembly |
Manuel Méndez |
| Julio Adalberto Rivera |
El Salvador |
President |
1962-07-01 |
1967-07-01 |
National Conciliation Party (PCN) |
Legislative Assembly |
Francisco Roberto Lima |
| Fidel Sánchez Hernández |
El Salvador |
President |
1967-07-01 |
1972-07-01 |
National Conciliation Party (PCN) |
Legislative Assembly |
Francisco Humberto Vindel |
| Arturo Armando Molina |
El Salvador |
President |
1972-07-01 |
1977-07-01 |
National Conciliation Party (PCN) |
Legislative Assembly |
Enrique Mayorga Rivas |
| Carlos Humberto Romero |
El Salvador |
President |
1977-07-01 |
1979-10-15 |
National Conciliation Party (PCN) |
Legislative Assembly |
Julio Ernesto Astacio |
| José Napoleón Duarte |
El Salvador |
President |
1984-06-01 |
1989-06-01 |
Christian Democratic Party (PDC) |
Legislative Assembly |
Rodolfo Antonio Castillo Claramount |
| Alfredo Cristiani |
El Salvador |
President |
1989-06-01 |
1994-06-01 |
Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) |
Legislative Assembly |
Francisco Merino |
| Armando Calderón Sol |
El Salvador |
President |
1994-06-01 |
1999-06-01 |
Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) |
Legislative Assembly |
Enrique Borgo Bustamante |
| Francisco Flores |
El Salvador |
President |
1999-06-01 |
2004-06-01 |
Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) |
Legislative Assembly |
Carlos Quintanilla Schmidt |
| Antonio Saca |
El Salvador |
President |
2004-06-01 |
2009-06-01 |
Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) |
Legislative Assembly |
Ana Vilma de Escobar |
| Mauricio Funes |
El Salvador |
President |
2009-06-01 |
2014-06-01 |
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) |
Legislative Assembly |
Salvador Sánchez Cerén |
| Salvador Sánchez Cerén |
El Salvador |
President |
2014-06-01 |
2019-06-01 |
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) |
Legislative Assembly |
Óscar Ortiz |
| Nayib Bukele |
El Salvador |
President |
2019-06-01 |
2023-12-01 |
GANA / Nuevas Ideas |
Legislative Assembly |
Félix Ulloa |
| Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara |
El Salvador |
Acting President |
2023-12-01 |
2024-06-01 |
Nuevas Ideas |
Legislative Assembly |
Vacant |
| Nayib Bukele |
El Salvador |
President |
2024-06-01 |
Incumbent |
Nuevas Ideas |
Legislative Assembly |
Félix Ulloa |
| Reza Shah Pahlavi |
Imperial State of Iran |
Shah (King) |
1925-12-15 |
1941-09-16 |
Independent (Military) |
National Consultative Assembly (Majlis) |
Vacant |
| Mohammad Reza Pahlavi |
Imperial State of Iran |
Shah (King) |
1941-09-16 |
1979-02-11 |
Independent / Rastakhiz |
National Consultative Assembly (Majlis) |
Vacant |
| Ruhollah Khomeini |
Islamic Republic of Iran |
Supreme Leader |
1979-12-03 |
1989-06-03 |
Independent (Clerical) |
Assembly of Experts |
Hussein-Ali Montazeri |
| Ali Khamenei |
Islamic Republic of Iran |
Supreme Leader |
1989-06-04 |
2026-02-28 |
Combatant Clergy Association |
Assembly of Experts |
Vacant |
| Mojtaba Khamenei |
Islamic Republic of Iran |
Supreme Leader |
2026-03-08 |
Incumbent |
Independent (Clerical) |
Assembly of Experts |
Vacant |
| Umberto I |
Kingdom of Italy |
King |
1878-01-09 |
1900-07-29 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Parliament |
Vacant |
| Victor Emmanuel III |
Kingdom of Italy |
King |
1900-07-29 |
1946-05-09 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Parliament |
Vacant |
| Umberto II |
Kingdom of Italy |
King |
1946-05-09 |
1946-06-12 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Parliament |
Vacant |
| Enrico De Nicola |
Italian Republic |
Provisional Head of State / President |
1946-07-01 |
1948-05-12 |
Liberal Party (PLI) |
Constituent Assembly |
Vacant |
| Luigi Einaudi |
Italian Republic |
President |
1948-05-12 |
1955-05-11 |
Liberal Party (PLI) |
Parliament |
Vacant |
| Giovanni Gronchi |
Italian Republic |
President |
1955-05-11 |
1962-05-11 |
Christian Democracy (DC) |
Parliament |
Vacant |
| Antonio Segni |
Italian Republic |
President |
1962-05-11 |
1964-12-06 |
Christian Democracy (DC) |
Parliament |
Vacant |
| Giuseppe Saragat |
Italian Republic |
President |
1964-12-29 |
1971-12-29 |
Democratic Socialist (PSDI) |
Parliament |
Vacant |
| Giovanni Leone |
Italian Republic |
President |
1971-12-29 |
1978-06-15 |
Christian Democracy (DC) |
Parliament |
Vacant |
| Sandro Pertini |
Italian Republic |
President |
1978-07-09 |
1985-06-29 |
Socialist Party (PSI) |
Parliament |
Vacant |
| Ferdinand I (Ferdinando I) |
Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia |
King |
1835-03-02 |
1848-12-02 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Absolute Monarchy (No Assembly) |
Archduke Rainer Joseph (1818–48) (Viceroy) |
| Francis Joseph I (Francesco Giuseppe I) |
Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia |
King |
1848-12-02 |
1866-10-12 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Absolute Monarchy / Imperial Council |
Field Marshal Radetzky (1848–57) / Archduke Maximilian (1857–59) (Governors-General) |
| Saud |
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
King |
1953-11-09 |
1964-11-02 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Consultative Assembly (Shura) |
Faisal (Crown Prince) |
| Faisal |
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
King |
1964-11-02 |
1975-03-25 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Consultative Assembly (Shura) |
Khalid (Crown Prince) |
| Khalid |
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
King |
1975-03-25 |
1982-06-13 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Consultative Assembly (Shura) |
Fahd (Crown Prince) |
| Fahd |
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
King |
1982-06-13 |
2005-08-01 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Consultative Council (Shura) |
Abdullah (Crown Prince) |
| Abdullah |
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
King |
2005-08-01 |
2015-01-23 |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Consultative Council (Shura) |
Sultan / Nayef / Salman (Crown Princes) |
| Salman |
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
King |
2015-01-23 |
Incumbent |
Independent (Monarchy) |
Consultative Council (Shura) |
Muqrin / Muhammad bin Nayef / Mohammed bin Salman (Crown Princes) |